Inhibin B Response to Testicular Toxicants Hexachlorophene, Ethane Dimethane Sulfonate, Di-(n-butyl)-phthalate, Nitrofurazone, DL-Ethionine, 17-alpha Ethinylestradiol, 2,5-Hexanedione, or Carbendazim Following Short-Term Dosing in Male Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Erdos ◽  
Kara Pearson ◽  
Michael Goedken ◽  
Karsten Menzel ◽  
Frank D. Sistare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibin B ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

scholarly journals Different Short-Term Mild Exercise Modalities Lead to Differential Effects on Body Composition in Healthy Prepubertal Male Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Sontam ◽  
M. H. Vickers ◽  
J. M. O’Sullivan ◽  
M. Watson ◽  
E. C. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Exercise ◽  
Prepubertal Rats

Physical activity has a vital role in regulating and improving bone strength. Responsiveness of bone mass to exercise is age dependent with the prepubertal period suggested to be the most effective stage for interventions. There is a paucity of data on the effects of exercise on bone architecture and body composition when studied within the prepubertal period. We examined the effect of two forms of low-impact exercise on prepubertal changes in body composition and bone architecture. Weanling male rats were assigned to control (CON), bipedal stance (BPS), or wheel exercise (WEX) groups for 15 days until the onset of puberty. Distance travelled via WEX was recorded, food intake measured, and body composition quantified. Trabecular and cortical microarchitecture of the femur were determined by microcomputed tomography. WEX led to a higher lean mass and reduced fat mass compared to CON. WEX animals had greater femoral cortical cross-sectional thickness and closed porosity compared to CON. The different exercise modalities had no effect on body weight or food intake, but WEX significantly altered body composition and femoral microarchitecture. These data suggest that short-term mild voluntary exercise in normal prepubertal rats can alter body composition dependent upon the exercise modality.

The Inhibin B Response to a Motilin Receptor Agonist in Male Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Ziejewski ◽  
Justin D. Vidal ◽  
Dinesh Stanislaus ◽  
April Apostoli ◽  
Probash Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Motilin Receptor

SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF COPULATION, HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN INJECTION AND NON-TACTILE ASSOCIATION WITH A FEMALE ON TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN THE MALE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PURVIS ◽  
N. B. HAYNES
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
First Contact

SUMMARY Peripheral plasma testosterone levels in the male rat were increased above control levels 5 min after the first intromission with an oestrous female, or 8–10 min after first contact with the female. The levels remained raised for at least 30 min if copulation was allowed to continue. Intravenous injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin resulted in an increased peripheral concentration of plasma testosterone after 10–15 min and an increase of testosterone content of the testis 5–10 min after injection, indicating that the rat testis has a potential to respond rapidly to gonadotrophin. The results suggested that if the testosterone surge during copulation was gonadotrophin-dependent, it was initiated before the first intromission. Indeed, plasma testosterone levels were raised in male rats 5 min after being placed in the proximity of oestrous females but not allowed physical contact.

The synthetic activity of primordial germ cells in normal and irradiated neonatal male rats

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
I. C. Lett
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Histological Appearance ◽  
Transitional Cells

Resting primordial germ cells or gonocytes, present in the testis of the rat at birth (Beaumont & Mandl, 1963), are highly radiosensitive. A dose of 50–100 r X-rays induces complete, or almost complete, sterility, as judged by the histological appearance of the testis at 25 days post parturn (Mandl et al. 1964). Studies of short-term post-irradiation changes have revealed that gonocytes, exposed to a sterilizing dose of X-rays at birth, do not degenerate immediately after exposure but differentiate normally into transitional cells (the immediate precursors of definitive germ cells; Beaumont & Mandl, 1963; Huckins, 1963; Franchi & Mandl, 1964) so that no histological abnormalities are detectable for 5 or 6 days. Subsequently, however, the irradiated transitional cells fail to divide; they increase markedly in size and form irregularly shaped giant cells which eventually become pyknotic (Franchi & Mandl, 1966; see also Sapsford, 1965a).

Prolonged retention of the anorectic cobalt protoporphyrin in the hypothalamus and the resulting expression of Fos

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. R465-R471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Galbraith ◽  
Ilean Hodgdon ◽  
Michele S. Grimm ◽  
Margaret A. Vizzard
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Halothane Anesthesia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Cobalt Protoporphyrin ◽  
Prolonged Retention ◽  
The Brain

The anorectic cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) is known to elicit short-term hypophagia and long-term weight loss through unknown mechanisms in the brains of experimental animals. The goal of this work was to determine 1) if the prolonged duration of action of CoPP is related to its prolonged retention within the brain; and 2) with the use of immunohistochemical detection of Fos, the product of the early-immediate gene c-fos, which cells are activated after exposure to CoPP. These studies were carried out in male rats after intracerebroventricular administration of CoPP, 0.4 μmol/kg body wt, given under light halothane anesthesia. Residence of CoPP in the brain was determined by residual counts in dissected brains of 57CoPP-injected rats. Fos immunoreactivity was mapped in coronal sections of rat brains 4–6 h after injection with CoPP. The results showed that 57CoPP was retained in the hypothalamus preferentially compared with the cortex of the brain and could be detected in the hypothalamus for in excess of 5 wk. Fos activation was increased by CoPP, detected predominantly in neuronal rather than glial cells, and was markedly more robust in the hypothalamus than in other brain areas. Thus CoPP remains in the hypothalamus for prolonged periods and activates Fos expression in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Short Term Toxicity of Phthalate Diesters and Monoesters in Sprague-Dawley Male Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Jun Kwack ◽  
Eun-Young Han ◽  
Jae-Seok Park ◽  
Jung-Yun Bae ◽  
Il-Young Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term

Antecedent short-term central nervous system administration of estrogen and progesterone alters counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in conscious male rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. E1511-E1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darleen A. Sandoval ◽  
Bin Gong ◽  
Stephen N. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that antecedent short-term administration of estradiol or progesterone into the central nervous system (CNS) reduces levels of neuroendocrine counterregulatory hormones during subsequent hypoglycemia. Conscious unrestrained male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied during randomized 2-day experiments. Day 1 consisted of an 8-h lateral ventricle infusion of estradiol (1 μg/μl; n = 9), progesterone (1 μg/μl; n = 9), or saline (0.2 μl/min; n = 10). On day 2, a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (30 pmol·kg−1·min−1) hypoglycemic (2.9 ± 0.2 mM) clamp was performed on all rats. Central administration of estradiol on day 1 resulted in significantly lower plasma epinephrine levels during hypoglycemia compared with saline, whereas central administration of progesterone resulted in increased levels of plasma norepinephrine and decreased levels of corticosterone both at baseline and during hypoglycemia. Glucagon responses during hypoglycemia were unaffected by prior administration of estradiol or progesterone. Endogenous glucose production following day 1 estradiol was significantly lower during day 2 hypoglycemia, and consequently, the glucose infusion rate to maintain the glycemia was significantly greater after estradiol administration compared with saline. These data suggest that 1) CNS administration of both female reproductive hormones can have rapid effects in modulating levels of counterregulatory hormones during subsequent hypoglycemia in conscious male rats, 2) forebrain administration of reproductive hormones can significantly reduce pituitary adrenal and sympathetic nervous system drive during hypoglycemia, 3) reproductive steroid hormones produce differential effects on sympathetic nervous system activity during hypoglycemia, and 4) reduction of epinephrine resulted in significantly blunted metabolic counterregulatory responses during hypoglycemia.

The Inhibin B Response in Male Rats Treated with Two Drug Candidates

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Chapin ◽  
James D. Alvey ◽  
Richard A. Goldstein ◽  
Melba G. Dokmanovich ◽  
William J. Reagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibin B ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Drug Candidates

Genetic research and structural dysplasia assessment of anorectal malformations in neonatal male rats induced by di(n-butyl) phthalate

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Hong Liu ◽  
En-Hui Li ◽  
Dong-Liang Xu ◽  
Wen-Lan Sun ◽  
Yan Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Butyl Phthalate
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