scholarly journals Different Short-Term Mild Exercise Modalities Lead to Differential Effects on Body Composition in Healthy Prepubertal Male Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Sontam ◽  
M. H. Vickers ◽  
J. M. O’Sullivan ◽  
M. Watson ◽  
E. C. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Exercise ◽  
Prepubertal Rats

Physical activity has a vital role in regulating and improving bone strength. Responsiveness of bone mass to exercise is age dependent with the prepubertal period suggested to be the most effective stage for interventions. There is a paucity of data on the effects of exercise on bone architecture and body composition when studied within the prepubertal period. We examined the effect of two forms of low-impact exercise on prepubertal changes in body composition and bone architecture. Weanling male rats were assigned to control (CON), bipedal stance (BPS), or wheel exercise (WEX) groups for 15 days until the onset of puberty. Distance travelled via WEX was recorded, food intake measured, and body composition quantified. Trabecular and cortical microarchitecture of the femur were determined by microcomputed tomography. WEX led to a higher lean mass and reduced fat mass compared to CON. WEX animals had greater femoral cortical cross-sectional thickness and closed porosity compared to CON. The different exercise modalities had no effect on body weight or food intake, but WEX significantly altered body composition and femoral microarchitecture. These data suggest that short-term mild voluntary exercise in normal prepubertal rats can alter body composition dependent upon the exercise modality.

Effects of meal frequency on energy utilization in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. R616-R621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hill ◽  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
D. Lin ◽  
F. Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of differences in meal frequency on body weight, body composition, and energy expenditure were studied in mildly food-restricted male rats. Two groups were fed approximately 80% of usual food intake (as periodically determined in a group of ad libitum fed controls) for 131 days. One group received all of its food in 2 meals/day and the other received all of its food in 10-12 meals/day. The two groups did not differ in food intake, body weight, body composition, food efficiency (carcass energy gain per amount of food eaten), or energy expenditure at any time during the study. Both food-restricted groups had a lower food intake, body weight gain, and energy expenditure than a group of ad libitum-fed controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that amount of food eaten, but not the pattern with which it is ingested, has a major influence on energy balance during mild food restriction.

Effects on growth and body composition of androgen deprivation by castration or autoimmunization to LH-releasing hormone in the male rat under conditions of controlled food intake

1986 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Fletcher ◽  
G. E. Lobley ◽  
A. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Testicular Steroids ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT The effects of endogenous gonadal hormones on the regulation of body composition and energy retention have been investigated under conditions of controlled food intake. Male and female rats were fed the same amount from weaning to 82 days of age. The carcases of males contained more protein, less lipid and yielded more ash than females, but they had the same amount of total energy in their carcases as females. In a second experiment, male rats were sham-operated or castrated at 19 days and then fed equal amounts from weaning. At 40 days, intact and castrated rats did not differ in total carcase energy content nor in carcase composition. At 82 days the carcases of intact rats had more protein but had retained the same amount of energy as castrated rats. By 131 days, the difference in protein content was larger and intact rats had less carcase lipid, less carcase energy and gave less ash than castrated rats. At the same age and with a similar food intake, the differences in carcase composition between intact males and females were considerably larger than between intact and castrated males. In a third experiment, male rats were sham-operated or castrated at 1 day post partum and fed the same amount as in the second experiment from weaning to 82 days. Both sham-castrated and castrated rats grew less well than rats operated on at 19 days. The differences in carcase composition between intact and castrated rats were in the same direction but of greater magnitude than in rats operated at the later age. In a fourth experiment the effects on body compositon and energy retention of sham-operation, castration or immunization to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) at weaning were compared in male rats fed the same amount from weaning to 131 days. Intact rats retained less carcase energy, less lipid and produced less ash than castrated and LHRH-immunized animals. Castrated and LHRH-immunized rats did not differ in carcase composition or amount of energy retained. It is concluded that (1) endogenous sex steroids affect growth and carcase composition independently of food intake, (2) the characteristic carcase composition of the female rat is largely due to the presence of ovarian steroids rather than lack of testicular steroids, (3) in the absence of increased food intake the effects of testicular steroids upon growth and energy expenditure are small but similar to those found in animals with free access to food, (4) the long-terms effects of perinatal exposure to testicular steroids upon growth and carcase composition are not only a consequence of changed food intake and (5) surgical castration and functional castration, induced by LHRH auto-immunization, produce the same effects on carcase composition. J. Endocr. (1986) 110, 97–102

Role of physiology and environmental factors on food intake control in boys

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physiologic Regulation

To examine the hypothesis that physiologic regulation of short-term food intake (FI) in boys is affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors, four studies were conducted. The primary objectives were as follows: (i) to compare the effect of glucose and whey-protein (50 g) preloads on satiety and FI as affected by time to the next meal and body composition in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) boys; (ii) to examine the role of short-duration physical activity on subjective appetite and to identify the role of and associations between fitness and FI at a pizza lunch 30 min after glucose and whey-protein drinks in NW boys; (iii) to determine the effect of television viewing (TVV) on FI of boys at a meal and its effect on caloric compensation at the test meal after a premeal glucose drink; and (iv) to determine the reproducibility of short-term FI and subjective appetite after a glucose preload, ventilation threshold (VT), and body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Obese boys responded less than NW boys to whey protein, with time (30 vs. 60 min) to the next meal the response decreasing to glucose but increasing to protein. Subjective appetite was increased by short-duration physical activity and FI following glucose and whey-protein preloads was positively associated with VT in boys. TVV while eating a meal contributed to increased energy intake by delaying normal mealtime satiation and reducing satiety signals from previously consumed foods. Short-term FI after a glucose preload, subjective appetite after glucose and physical activity, VT, and body composition assessed by BIA were reproducible in boys. In conclusion, physiologic regulation of short-term FI in boys was affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors. Macronutrient source, body weight and composition, time to the next meal, short-duration physical activity and fitness, and TVV at mealtime impacted on FI regulation in boys.

scholarly journals Renal loss of leptin in patients with nephrotic syndrome

2001 ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Schroth ◽  
M Groschl ◽  
HG Dorr ◽  
WF Blum ◽  
W Rascher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: In humans, short term changes of serum leptin lead to alterations in food intake and energy expenditure. The objective of the present study was to relate urine leptin concentrations with the extent of proteinuria in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS). A second goal was to investigate the impact of potential urinary leptin losses on serum leptin concentrations and body composition. DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with proteinuria were compared with twenty patients with remission of NS and ten healthy children. Leptin was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Urinary leptin excretion in proteinuric patients was significantly higher than in non-proteinuric patients with and without NS and in healthy controls (2.64+/-0.034 microg/g creatinine, 0.026+/-0.05 microg/g creatinine, and 0.073+/-0.11 microg/g creatinine respectively; P<0.001 and P<0.01 respectively compared with controls). Urine leptin positively correlated with urine IgG concentration (P=0.013, r2=0.36) in the proteinuric group. No difference in serum leptin values could be demonstrated between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our data demonstrate a significant leptin excretion in children with severe proteinuria. Proteinuria, however, does not lead to changes in serum leptin, suggesting that the significant loss of leptin is compensated for by sustained up-regulation of leptin production.

scholarly journals The Association of Meal Timing With Body Composition & Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
Samaneh Farsijani ◽  
Nancy Glynn ◽  
Anne Newman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meal Timing ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Cardiometabolic Markers

Abstract Objectives To determine the association between eating window and time of last calorie intake with body composition and cardiometabolic health in obese older adults. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 36 community-dwelling, overweight-to-obese (BMI 28.0–39.9 kg/m2) older adults (aged 70.6 ± 6.1 years, 83% women, 86% white), recruited to participate in a weight loss and exercise trial. Time of food and nutrient intake were extracted from three 24-hour food recalls. Eating window was calculated as the time elapsed between the first and last food intake. We recorded the time of last calorie intake either from food or drink. Blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density (HDL) & low-density (LDL) lipoprotein cholesterols were measured as markers of cardiometabolic health. Body composition metrics, including total fat and lean mass, were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Body weight and height were measured to calculate BMI. Partial correlation was used to determine the relationships between eating window and last calorie intake with body composition and cardiometabolic markers, while controlling for sex, age, and total calorie intake. Results On average, participants’ eating window was 12.0 ± 1.1 hours. Eating window in 43% of participants was &lt;12 hours, while it was ≥13 hours in 29% of the participants. Time of last calorie intake in the majority of participants (86%) was between 6:00–8:00 PM. After controlling for potential confounders, longer eating windows were associated with higher triglyceride levels (P = 0.032) and lower HDL (P = 0.035), while no association was observed with the other cardiometabolic markers. We also observed negative trends, though not statistically significant, between longer eating windows and greater weight, BMI, and fat mass. No association was observed between time of last calorie intake, body composition and cardiometabolicy markers. Conclusions Our results suggest that timing of food intake may influence cardiometabolic risk and obesity in older adults. However, further research is required to determine the importance of meal timing on obesity in older adults. Funding Sources Center for Disease Control (U48 DP000025) and NIA T32-AG0001810.

Hindlimb Muscle Atrophy Occurs From Short-Term Undernutrition in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Yoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term (7 days) undernutrition on Type I (soleus) and Type II (plantaris, gastrocnemius) muscles in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats ( N = 20) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group ( n = 10) in which animals were allowed to have water and pellets ad libitum and an undernourished group ( n = 10) in which animals were allowed to have 37% of the total food intake of the control group and water ad libitum. Body weight and food intake were measured daily. After 7 days, rats were anesthetized and the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles and liver were dissected. Body weight, liver weight, muscle weight, Types I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content were determined. After 7 days of undernutrition, the undernourished group showed significant decreases ( p < .05) compared to the control group in body weight, liver weight, muscle weight of soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles, and cross-sectional areas of Types I and II fiber of the plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles.

Route of Delivery of Phenylalanine Influences Its Effect on Short-Term Food Intake in Adult Male Rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 119 (10) ◽  
pp. 1519-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Bialik ◽  
Edmund T. S. Li ◽  
Pierre Geoffroy ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Route Of Delivery

Anabolic effects of testosterone are preserved during inhibition of 5α-reductase

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (2) ◽  
pp. E507-E514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Borst ◽  
Christine F. Conover ◽  
Christy S. Carter ◽  
Chris M. Gregory ◽  
Emanuele Marzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prostate Enlargement ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Novel Strategy

At replacement doses, testosterone produces only modest increases in muscle strength and bone mineral density in older hypogonadal men. Although higher doses of testosterone are more anabolic, there is concern over increased adverse effects, notably prostate enlargement. We tested a novel strategy for obtaining robust anabolic effects without prostate enlargement. Orchiectomized (ORX) male rats were treated for 56 days with 1.0 mg testosterone/day, with and without 0.75 mg/day of the 5α-reductase inhibitor MK-434. Testosterone administration elevated the prostate dihydrotestosterone concentration and caused prostate enlargement. Both effects were inhibited by MK-434. ORX produced a catabolic state manifested in reduced food intake, blunted weight gain, reduced hemoglobin concentration, decreased kidney mass, and increased bone resorption, and in the proximal tibia there was both decreased cancellous bone volume and a decreased number of trabeculae. In soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles, ORX reduced both the percentage of type I muscle fibers and the cross-sectional area of type 1 and 2 fibers. Testosterone administration caused a number of anabolic effects, including increases in food intake, hemoglobin concentration, and grip strength, and reversed the catabolic effects of ORX on bone. Testosterone administration also partially reversed ORX-induced changes in muscle fibers. In contrast to the prostate effects of testosterone, the effects on muscle, bone, and hemoglobin concentration were not blocked by MK-434. Our study demonstrates that the effects of testosterone on muscle and bone can be separated from the prostate effects and provides a testable strategy for combating sarcopenia and osteopenia in older hypogonadal men.

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