Stainless Steels for the Citrus Processing Industry

A previous paper presented at this Conference in 1955 was concerned principally with corrosion resistant materials for processing citrus products. Although this paper considered several different materials, each of which might prove satisfactory for certain operating conditions, the citrus processing industry has been able to satisfy most of its requirements with a relatively few alloys. These alloys are principally the chromium and the chromium-nickel alloys that are generally classified as stainless steels. This series of steels lends itself to certain basic treatments that have a very significant effect upon the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. This paper will be concerned principally with these basic treatments and with certain specific treatments for special requirements. Paper published with permission.

Electric Powered vs. Gas Powered Lift Truck Applications in the Citrus Industry

Gentlemen, it’s a real pleasure to be here today and to have the opportunity to talk with you on “Electric vs. Gas Powered Lift Truck Applications in the Citrus Industry”. As you may know, “Gas vs. Electric” has been hotly argued in the materials handling field for over twenty years. I doubt very seriously that you can ever convert a died-in-the-wool gas truck man to electric trucks or vice versa, no matter how hard you try. However, that is not my objective here today. Rather, I would like to discuss this subject with you from the standpoint of costs, advantages and disadvantages, and applications of each in the Citrus Industry. Paper published with permission.

Process Treatment of Citrus Fruits for the Fresh Fruit Markets

The growth of the Citrus Canning and Processing Industry of Florida during the past twenty years has been phenomenal. In 1940, approximately 70% of the crop was merchandised as fresh fruit and 30% was processed in canning plants. Today, these figures are exactly reversed with 70% being processed and 30% sold as fresh fruit. As a result of this trend, there has been some tendency to relegate the fresh fruit segment of the industry to the position of step-child. It is becoming increasingly apparent, however, that the continued success of the industry is dependent upon maintaining and developing all possible sales outlets for the ever increasing crop. This is especially recognized this season, when with high inventories of processed citrus at the beginning of the season, the fresh fruit packing houses had to take up the slack. Thus far, fresh fruit shipments are about 25% greater than they were last season when total fresh shipments were 28,000,000 boxes. Without this increased movement, prices of all citrus products undoubtedly would have been depressed. The continuing importance of the fresh fruit segment of the industry is therefore becoming more fully recognized. Paper published with permission.

Nitrogen Treatment as a Means of Extending Shelf-Life of Chilled and Canned Single Strength Orange Juice

The use of Nitrogen and other inert atmospheres to reduce or replace oxygen is an old, yet not well practiced art in the manufacture, storage, handling and packaging of orange juice. The art of Nitrogen treatment of orange products was first developed with canned and bottled single strength juice. The primary or designed purpose being to increase product end container shelf-life by eliminating oxygen. Paper published with permission.

Old and New Ideas in the Citrus Pulp Industry

The annual production of dried citrus pulp within the Florida Citrus Industry has risen during the past twenty five years from a modest beginning to a total of over 330,000 tons per year. To this must be added another 52,000 tons of citrus meal and citrus molasses produced last year so that the combined total by-products production for cattle feed purposes during the 1958–59 season was approximately 380,000 tons. This was estimated to be worth over 14 million dollars. Paper published with permission.

Automatic Lubrication

Mr. Chairman, Representatives of the Citrus Industry, Members of the A.S.M.E., I am honored to be here today. Processing of pine trees may seem to be a long way from processing citrus fruits; however, if you’ll stop to think about it — all processings using machinery have kinship. My subject is “Automatic Lubrication” — if I’m successful in conveying one sound usable idea to a person in this rather large audience, I will be most happy and consider I have accomplished my mission here. Paper published with permission.

Electrical Insulating Materials for the Citrus Industry

The topic we will discuss is a fast changing one — I have purposely used the term, “Electrical Insulating Materials”, for the fact that the materials mentioned can be used in many phases of the industry, but the main application discussed here will be basically rotating electrical machinery. Paper published with permission.