Chronic Stress and Chronic Pain

Pain and stress basically overlap in conceptual and physiological perceptions. Chronic stress and chronic pain share a common behavioral model of failure to extinguish negative memories as one of psychological and physiological mechanisms of defense. They also have discrepancies such that the final brain endophenotype of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and chronic pain appears to be different among the three conditions, and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis remains unclear in the physiology of pain. Persistence of either stress or pain is maladaptive and could lead to compromised homeostasis. The effectiveness of interventions that may increase return to work and patient satisfaction in trauma victims should be a future directive of research.

Neurophysiological and Neurobiological Basis of Emotions and Mood

Emotions and mood are complex psychic phenomena that play important roles in everyday behavior. No anatomical structure can be identified as a specific brain center for emotions, and a neurophysiological basis of emotions is unclear and hard to define. Today, it is thought that neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine have important roles in mood regulation, and much of the evidence for this assumption is based on the effectiveness of antidepressant medications currently available in psychiatric practice. James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter's and other theories historically tried to explain the origin and formation of emotional responses. Despite extensive research efforts on this topic, many aspects regarding the nature of emotional responses remain unclear. Multidisciplinary approach, including the adequate cooperation of psychiatrists, neurophysiologists, and experts from other areas, is needed to provide us with a more comprehensive insight on biological basis of conative psychic functions.

Self-Determination Calibration for Cochlear Implant Rehabilitation

Cochlear implantation is a well-established therapeutic approach for deaf or hearing-impaired patients. After the medical intervention, which aims to restore hearing, subjects undergo rehabilitation procedures in order to cure instructional disadvantages, problematic schooling circumstances, or deficits in their sociability. Essential physical, mental, social, and cognitive skills are taken into perspective, as the prerequisite of a notable aptitude determines the suitability of a subject to get professional and communal roles. Quality of life, as an indicator, provides the metrics that demonstrate the level of adoption with established norms.

Orthopedic Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Little is known about the clinical consequences of psychological morbidity associated with orthopedic trauma. Anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders may all occur during the postoperative period. There are no currently clearly defined relations between orthopedic injuries and PTSD, but undoubtedly, we can say that, depending on the personality traits, one can develop PTSD if the orthopedics trauma triggers and induce PTSD in individuals, and that should be one of the main future perspectives and goals of investigative studies. The effectiveness of prevention strategies that could be developed through psychiatrists and orthopedic surgeon cooperation strategies as well as developing strategies when PTSD occur postoperatively should also be one of the main targets in the near future, as PTSD as an entity presents one of the greatest disability factors in society producibility nowadays, which is also very important from the economy perspective.

The Increase of How Mass Media Coverage Manipulates Our Minds

This chapter explores the insight of how the mind is negatively impacted by the news media. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce readers to how the human brain processes good and adverse effects of the news. The chapter begins with the overview that delves into the various aspects such as our brain and how it processes emotions, the theoretical frameworks of mass society, Marxism, functionalism, social constructionism, the historical context of the media in various countries, journalists and pundits, how the media divides communities, and how the media reports world events causing individuals to suffer from adverse psychological effects. This chapter then ends with a conclusion that consists of suggested future research.

Quantum Cognition and Its Influence on Decrease of Global Stress Level Related With Job Improvement Strategies

The quantum mind or quantum consciousness group of hypotheses propose that classical mechanics cannot explain consciousness. Quantum theory is used to insert models of cognition that target to be more innovative than models based on traditional classical probability theory, which includes cognitive modeling phenomena in science. At the moment we can say that there is no clearly defined neurophysiological mechanisms of creation of the quantum-like representation of information in the brain, but we can mention the hypothesis of matching the information processing in the brain with quantum information and probability with contextuality as the key word. Using limited cognitive resources, incompatibility provides humans the means for answering an unlimited number of questions, thus promoting parsimony and cognitive economy.

Digital Heath Interventions in Mental Health

Technological renaissance of the last century stimulated the application of digital interventions in the healthcare domain. Digital healthcare interventions (DHIs) could be implemented through smartphone applications (apps), remote monitoring and tracking devices, and wearable computers. Technology is positioned to transform how mental healthcare is delivered and accessed. In fact, remote active and passive monitoring of parameters, such as mood, activity, and sleep, could be integrated with therapeutic interventions. However, the transformation entails combined conscription of science, regulation, and design. Implementation, adoption, and evaluation of DHI present special challenges. This chapter presents brief history of DHIs in mental health and frameworks an evaluation strategy in terms of the appropriate methods required for appraisal of DHIs.

Changing the Quality of Life After Therapy of Orthodontic Irregularities

The effect of orthodontic therapy of different orthodontic anomalies on life quality referred to one's personality. Congenital or acquired orthodontic anomalies are a great problem of today's children and youth. Fast way of life, young mothers urging to be in top form after giving birth to a child, neglecting breastfeeding as a presumption to be the most important for the proper development of the orofacial system leads to numerous irregularities in the teeth development. Maternal deprivation and closeness deprivation, warmth deprivation, present the majority of proper children's development and their psycho-physical development. Any anomaly is evident on the face, either asymmetry, open bite with interlacing the tongue between the teeth, whether in the disorder of the face, the lowered jaw, the incongruous profile and speech disorder, breathing, etc. From the previous, the negative feelings of children and youth, depression, fall in the elimination of life, limitation of working abilities, etc. Solving them leads to joy, happiness, raising the quality of life.

Adolescent Chronic Stress

As adolescents face new challenges, the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression is growing. This chapter presents research on stress, anxiety, and depression as it relates to brain development and treatment options. While prescription medication is a common treatment option, there is concern over use with the development of the adolescent brain and side effects. In addition to, or in place of, medication, other treatment options presented in this chapter include psychotherapy, biofeedback, mindfulness, diet, exercise, and social media use. With advances in technology and increased use among adolescents, the chapter will present new treatment options that are available through apps and social media.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

We all know that the baby's world is a 10-20 square foot field, which grows steadily over the years. The small world plays a leading role in shaping the child's mind at a rate inversely proportional to its size. In fact, not only stressful pieces of life but all kinds of experience takes part in the psychosocial development of the child, good or bad. Herewith, the conditions that cause chronic stress such as neglect, abuse, poverty, domestic or societal violence, war, and dislocation leave unfavorable traces that are difficult to change in the human mind. Today, while we, the mental health workers, are more focused on the apparent wounds that such adverse experiences have left in our souls, the unseen wounds continue to shape the child, society, and us all.