Research on quantum cognition in autonomous driving

Autonomous vehicles for the intention of human behavior of the estimated traffic participants and their interaction is the main problem in automatic driving system. Classical cognitive theory assumes that the behavior of human traffic participants is completely reasonable when studying estimation of intention and interaction. However, according to the quantum cognition and decision theory as well as practical traffic cases, human behavior including traffic behavior is often unreasonable, which violates classical cognition and decision theory. Based on the quantum cognitive theory, this paper studies the cognitive problem of pedestrian crossing. Through the case analysis, it is proved that the Quantum-like Bayesian (QLB) model can consider the reasonability of pedestrians when crossing the street compared with the classical probability model, being more consistent with the actual situation. The experiment of trajectory prediction proves that the QLB model can cover the edge events in interactive scenes compared with the data-driven Social-LSTM model, being more consistent with the real trajectory. This paper provides a new reference for the research on the cognitive problem of intention on bounded rational behavior of human traffic participants in autonomous driving.

Are Words the Quanta of Human Language? Extending the Domain of Quantum Cognition

In previous research, we showed that ‘texts that tell a story’ exhibit a statistical structure that is not Maxwell–Boltzmann but Bose–Einstein. Our explanation is that this is due to the presence of ‘indistinguishability’ in human language as a result of the same words in different parts of the story being indistinguishable from one another, in much the same way that ’indistinguishability’ occurs in quantum mechanics, also there leading to the presence of Bose–Einstein rather than Maxwell–Boltzmann as a statistical structure. In the current article, we set out to provide an explanation for this Bose–Einstein statistics in human language. We show that it is the presence of ‘meaning’ in ‘texts that tell a story’ that gives rise to the lack of independence characteristic of Bose–Einstein, and provides conclusive evidence that ‘words can be considered the quanta of human language’, structurally similar to how ‘photons are the quanta of electromagnetic radiation’. Using several studies on entanglement from our Brussels research group, we also show, by introducing the von Neumann entropy for human language, that it is also the presence of ‘meaning’ in texts that makes the entropy of a total text smaller relative to the entropy of the words composing it. We explain how the new insights in this article fit in with the research domain called ‘quantum cognition’, where quantum probability models and quantum vector spaces are used in human cognition, and are also relevant to the use of quantum structures in information retrieval and natural language processing, and how they introduce ‘quantization’ and ‘Bose–Einstein statistics’ as relevant quantum effects there. Inspired by the conceptuality interpretation of quantum mechanics, and relying on the new insights, we put forward hypotheses about the nature of physical reality. In doing so, we note how this new type of decrease in entropy, and its explanation, may be important for the development of quantum thermodynamics. We likewise note how it can also give rise to an original explanatory picture of the nature of physical reality on the surface of planet Earth, in which human culture emerges as a reinforcing continuation of life.

Quantum Cognition

Uncertainty is an intrinsic part of life; most events, affairs, and questions are uncertain. A key problem in behavioral sciences is how the mind copes with uncertain information. Quantum probability theory offers a set of principles for inference, which align well with intuition about psychological processes in certain cases: cases when it appears that inference is contextual, the mental state changes as a result of previous judgments, or there is interference between different possibilities. We motivate the use of quantum theory in cognition and its key characteristics. For each of these characteristics, we review relevant quantum cognitive models and empirical support. The scope of quantum cognitive models encompasses fallacies in decision-making (such as the conjunction fallacy or the disjunction effect), question order effects, conceptual combination, evidence accumulation, perception, over-/underdistribution effects in memory, and more. Quantum models often formalize psychological ideas previously expressed in heuristic terms, allow unified explanations of previously disparate findings, and have led to several surprising, novel predictions. We also cast a critical eye on quantum models and consider some of their shortcomings and issues regarding their further development. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Research on the Decision Mechanism of University-Enterprise Collaborative Innovation Based on Quantum Cognition

The relationship between quantum cognition and decision-making is an important field in the direction of human behavior research. The uncertain and entangled state of quantum cognition has largely explained the decision-making process with limited information and ambiguity. University-enterprise collaborative innovation, a systematic project of joint action by both parties, aims to integrate the resources of enterprises and universities and enhance their innovation capabilities. As the main decision-making parties in collaborative innovation decision-making, the university and enterprise have a state of uncertainty and entanglement in their cognitive preferences before the final decision is formed. A university-enterprise collaborative innovation decision-making model should be constructed from the perspective of enterprise decision-making, taking different innovation schemes as the final choice, and the method of quantum probability theory can be used to perform quantum cognition on the independent and joint decision-making models in the university-enterprise collaborative innovation decision-making. Research shows that the internal mechanism of university-enterprise collaborative decision-making is based on its quantum attributes, university-enterprise collaborative decision-making is more inclined to joint decision-making, joint university-enterprise collaborative decision-making is more inclined to quantum cognition incompatibility expression, and the opinions of innovative members will have sequential effects and interference effects on decision makers.

Quantum Cognition – Quantum Analogy

Attempts to apply the apparatus of quantum mechanics to cognition and language have met, understandably, with a degree of scepticism within the disciplines concerned, but they nevertheless have the potential for opening exciting new perspectives. In this article, I address the question as to what it is exactly about these attempts that has drawn such attention – both positive and negative – in recent years. I shall argue for distinguishing those aspects of quantum cognition that do warrant serious consideration by cognitive psychologists and linguists irrespective of the exact nature of its relationship to classical quantum mechanics. The key lies in the important role played by analogy in both disciplines.

Quantum Cognition and the Mind

Clues from psychology indicate that human cognition are not only based on classical probability theory as explained by Kolmogorov’s axioms but additionally on quantum probability. Quantum probabilities lead to the conclusion that our brain adapted to the Everett many-worlds reality trough the evolutionary process. The Everett many-worlds theory views reality as a many-branched tree in which every possible quantum outcome is realized. In this context, one of the cognitive brain functions is to provide a causally consistent explanation of events to maintain self-identity over time. Causality is related to a meaningful explanation. For impossible explanations, causality does not exist, and the identity of the self breaks. Only in meaningful causal worlds may personal identities exist.

Quantum Cognition and Its Influence on Decrease of Global Stress Level Related With Job Improvement Strategies

The quantum mind or quantum consciousness group of hypotheses propose that classical mechanics cannot explain consciousness. Quantum theory is used to insert models of cognition that target to be more innovative than models based on traditional classical probability theory, which includes cognitive modeling phenomena in science. At the moment we can say that there is no clearly defined neurophysiological mechanisms of creation of the quantum-like representation of information in the brain, but we can mention the hypothesis of matching the information processing in the brain with quantum information and probability with contextuality as the key word. Using limited cognitive resources, incompatibility provides humans the means for answering an unlimited number of questions, thus promoting parsimony and cognitive economy.

Comparison of The Possibilities of Application of Spectrum and Gaming Theories in Modelling Market Economy Negotiations

Research background: In negotiations, in modelling decision-making at both the individual and market levels, it is important to understand and be able to assess important aspects of economic behaviour. The theory of spectrum is proposed to be applied in modelling decision making. The object of the research is the possibilities of application of spectrum and game theories. Classical economic theory does not define subjective parameters of economic behaviour, therefore, when modelling market negotiation strategies, it is difficult to identify and evaluate appropriate parameters of economic behaviour required for decision-making in market negotiations. The spectrum theory approach can be used to model the economy, both at the individual and market levels, which is especially relevant in international business negotiations, where the modelling of solutions and various operations presents opportunities to assess subjective parameters. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to investigate and compare the application of spectral decay and gambling theories in modelling market economy negotiations. Research methods: Scientific literature analysis, comparative, logical analysis and synthesis, comparative and generalization methods, game theory, quantum cognition methods. Findings & Value added: The article examines the basic principles of behavioural economics: the functions of assessing the psychological value and uncertainty of monetary gain or loss, how both theories take these principles into account: game and spectrum.