Current Problems and Prospects of Development of the Khmelnytskyi Region Tourist Industry

The article is devoted to deepening the theoretical foundations and developing practical recommendations for the tourism sector of Khmelnytskyi region as one of the components of the national economy. Thus, the problems and obstacles to tourism development in Khmelnytskyi region are considered and a number of areas are identified to address the relevant shortcomings, as well as recommendations for improving existing places for tourism and opening new ones for greater promotion among the population. The tourist potential of the region is characterized. The information on the number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents for a certain period is analyzed. They noted that due to the tourist tax, the community budget is better filled, so this industry should be actively developed. The program of tourism and resorts development, the way it is applied into practice of Khmelnytskyi region is studied. It is pointed out that among the tourist centers of Khmelnytskyi region a special place is devoted to the city of Kamianets-Podilskyi, its local authorities pursue a very active tourism policy, setting goals to be achieved in a short period of time. It is noted that the main tasks of tourism development in the Khmelnytskyi region are the formation of a tourist and recreational complex that would meet the needs of the population in spa treatment, recreation and tourism. Recommendations are given for the application of a number of marketing measures that would help expand knowledge about Khmelnytskyi region far beyond its borders. It is determined that Khmelnytskyi region is one of the most promising tourist regions of Ukraine. We claim that the priority for Khmelnytskyi region is health tourism, ecological tourism, cognitive, as well as weekend tours. It should be noted that a tourist information center is being built in Khmelnytskyi, which will provide free information services on tourist facilities. The problems currently facing Khmelnytskyi region in the field of tourism are identified, the most acute problem is the financial support of the tourism industry, and proposals are given to eliminate them. A number of recommendations for effective popularization of tourist and recreational potential of Khmelnytskyi region are proposed.

A different choice, a different outcome: budgetary effects of a conservative legislator in liberal local regions of South Korea

In Korean society, regionalism has deep historical roots and has had a great influence on elections. A historic event occurred in 2014 when a conservative party candidate, Lee Jung-hyun, was elected as a member of the National Assembly in Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, where liberal parties have been in the midst of powerful political influence. This was possible because voters responded to the candidate's appeal to vote based on benefits to the local economy, that is, securing greater funding from the central government. Exploiting the synthetic control method, this article identifies how this different choice has affected the budget of the local district. The results show that the community budget has increased dramatically, and a battery of robustness checks also supports these basic results. On the basis of the empirical evidence, the study suggests the possibility of overcoming a long-standing parochial regionalism in Korean politics through economic voting and its practical benefits.

STRATEGIC PRIORITIES AND MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF AMALGAMATED HROMADAS IN THE CONTEXT OF DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER

The purpose of the article is to summarize and present strategic priorities and mechanisms for ensuring the competitiveness of regions in decentralization. The sequence of actions, the algorithm that will determine the strategic importance of development and select appropriate means to ensure the area's competitiveness. Methodology. The SWOT-analysis method is based on the analysis of factors and factors of competitive advantages of regions with the help of fundamental parameters (accessibility, the economic feasibility of use; sufficient transport potential; involvement of the local population in resource development). To determine the priorities of directed financial flows, the structure of community expenditures was considered (Velykomostyska city Amalgamated hromada as a representative of Amalgamated hromada with a city centre; Solonkivska rural Amalgamated hromada as a representative of Amalgamated hromada – a satellite of a large city; Slavske village Amalgamated hromada as a representative of Amalgamated hromada tourism). The effective use of tools has been identified, and the priorities facing the region (including Amalgamated hromada) need to be clearly defined to achieve enhanced competitive advantages. Results. Results show that an additional mechanism to strengthen competitive advantage is the inclusion of local producers of products or services in the global chain of multinational companies while considering the threat of significant dependence on foreign markets. The implementation of mechanisms must include at least two components: financial, economic and organizational. All measures include synchronization of actions of local authorities, public organizations, business to ensure mechanisms for implementing strategic development programs based on analytical research and monitoring in the context of adaptation to global challenges, the need to implement the rules of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU. Practical implications. The active position of the community in defining strategic priorities and clearly defining the mechanism for strengthening the competitive advantages of Amalgamated hromada will significantly improve the quality of life and, consequently, the attractiveness of the territory for potential residents. Increasing the population intensifies the development of the social sphere and the sphere of trade, which will increase revenues to the community budget. Thus, a clear vision of the community leadership of strategic guidelines allows the community to develop faster than before the reform. Value/originality. Strategic priorities and mechanisms for ensuring the competitiveness of regions in the context of decentralization of power provide a better understanding of their effectiveness by the budget process of the area or Amalgamated hromada.

CURRENT PROBLEMS OF THE ECOSYSTEM ASSETS ASSESSMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

The article is aimed at introduction of the up-to-date approaches to the economic assessment of ecosystems and their implementation while determining the priority tasks of the territorial communities development. The necessity is substantiated of the ecosystems economic assessment for determining the priority tasks of the territory development taking into account the ecosystem approach. It is emphasized that the achievement of the goals of sustainable spatial development at the local level is ensured via full mobilization of all types of local resources, in particular by taking into account the value of ecosystem assets and ecosystem services produced by them in the interests of local communities. The necessity of forming an integrated strategic approach to the introduction of ecosystem asset valuation at the local level is substantiated. The ecosystem assets of territorial communities are proved to be a continuous flow of the community ecosystem resources produced as a result of the system of functionally interconnected components of the natural environment involved in economic circulation, the use of which will contribute to economic benefits. It is shown that the economic assessment of ecosystem assets at the local level makes it possible to assess both the market value and value of ecosystems from direct and indirect use, and to identify real prospects for possible financial revenues to the community budget from their operation. Differentiated are economic approaches to estimate the ecosystem benefits at the local level. The structure and tasks of payments for the biodiversity conservation at the level of territorial communities are studied. The structural scheme of information support for estimating the ecosystem assets values of territorial communities is proposed The tasks of local authorities as to the community ecosystems management are outlined and the stages of assessment of ecosystem assets of the territorial entities are defined. The targets for application of the results of assessment of ecosystem assets of territorial communities have been determined. It is shown that the introduction of an ecosystem approach in the management of communities will contribute to the financial content of local budgets.

THE BORYSPIL UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CENTER OF BORISPOL DISTRICT

The reform of decentralization is considered to be one of the most successful current reforms. The main strategic goal of the local self-government’s reform is to create conditions for providing its possibility to independently solve local-scale questions at the expense of its own resources. The maximum possible transfer of powers to territorial communities is the main way to achieve this goal and, accordingly, the creation of conditions for the dynamic development of districts and regions and the provision of high-quality public services and a safe living environment for citizens. The basis of the formation of the Boryspil united territorial community (Kyiv region) in the context of the modern process of decentralization was identified. The main components of the resource potential of this territorial community: natural resource, production, labour and infrastructure are analyzed. The benefits and advantageous of the transport-geographical location of the Boryspil UTC (united territorial community) are determined. The industrial potential, which affects various aspects of the socio-economic development of society, including the budget income, the level of employment and the prosperity of the population are analyzed. It is worth noting positive financial indicators such as: income to the local budget and the tax capacity index, the value of which allows transfer funds from the community budget to the state budget as a reverse subsidy to help financially insolvent communities. This indicates that the society is financially sound to support itself, solve its own problems and provide a full range of services for a quality life on its territory. The main problems and threats, which require urgent solutions for the community, are identified and distinguished. Potential possibilities of attracting and using the resources of the Boryspil UTC are considered for its further development. The advantages and possibilities of using the available Boryspil territorial community’s resources to resolve questions of local importance have been identified, and therefore, this will contribute to improving the living standards of residents. The obtained result made it possible to confirm that the Boryspil territorial community is able to be independently through the use of its own resources (financial support and infrastructure development) and provide a good level of services to its citizens (in the field of education, culture, healthcare, etc.). Conducting research was carried out in several stages: 1) at the first stage, preparation for the research was performed (problem statement); 2) at the next stage – collecting of primary information (methods of analysis, synthesis, statistical, literary, etc.); 3) at the third stage – processing of the found information (comparative, statistical, systematization, generalization methods, SWOT analysis); 4) on the last stage – the analysis of the received information (interpretation of the results, the formulation of general conclusions of the research).

Evolution of the International Movement Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions – BDS

The article describes insight into the factors and conditions influencing the formation of the international movement BDS including its key subjects and its most effective strategies for achieving all the goals identified. From the authors’ point of view Israel itself, by its extremely cruel and asymmetric measures against the Palestinian resistance to occupation during the second intifada stimulated the rise of the BDS movement popularity and as well as anti-Israeli tendencies in Western democracies. Another, no less important reason for the formation of the BDS is the failure of the peace process for the solution of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in accordance with the agreements reached in Oslo. Under these complicated circumstances, Palestinian Arab civil society has called on the international community to end the Israeli occupation. The study provided a thorough overview of the main financial sources of the movement. The use of funds from the EU community budget, national budgets of a number of Western states, the largest charitable foundations, etc. is stated. The authors analyze the reasons for the popularity of the movement at the beginning of the 21st century, including in some structural divisions of the UN and the European Union. Special attention is focusing on measures to counter the movement by Israel, the US and some European states. In the conclusion, the study identifies and characterizes the current status of the movement, which is steadily losing its adherents at all levels, including academic and confessional spheres.

FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC CONTROL OVER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LOCAL BUDGETS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES: ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Introduction. The decentralization reform, which began in 2014, aims not only to change the administrative structure of Ukraine, but also to change the budget system, which leads to an increase in potential risks of inefficient use of budget funds. To minimize the negative consequences of such risks, the public that is most interested in achieving the goals set by the local community budget should be used. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the implementation of public control over the use of resources of local budgets in the territorial communities of Ukraine. Methods. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis to study the tools of public scrutiny and surveys to identify the views of civil society activists and experts on public scrutiny during decentralization reform. Results. The levels and tools of public control over the implementation of local budgets of amalgamated communities were identified in this work. There are four levels: information, consultation, dialogue, partnership. Emphasis is placed on the main instruments of public scrutiny, which include: public hearings, elements of e-democracy, advisory bodies, public councils and local elections. The results of a sociological survey (by conducting a survey) of public activists and specialists in the field of local finance in Lviv and Kharkiv regions are presented. According to most respondents, NGOs have more opportunities to control the spending of local budgets. The expediency of public control over local budgets was supported by the majority of respondents. Discussion of the use of budget funds, according to most respondents, is the most effective tool for public participation. The main problems, according to the survey, in the process of using budget funds are the low level of transparency of budget planning and implementation, as well as low efficiency of filling and spending budget funds. According to the results of the study, a number of obstacles to public control over the effective use of budget funds were identified. Descussion. Further research on public control over the observance of the budgets of territorial communities should focus on the legal features of such measures, as well as the prospects for the use of the tools defined in the article in the future.

The role of the factory “Bratstvo” (Brotherhood) in the development of Novi Travnik

The establishment of the socialist regime had led to thorough political, economic, social, cultural and other changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first decade after the Second World War was marked by the reconstruction of the war-torn country, and great support in that process was provided by the USSR - the main ally of the new Yugoslavia. Emphasis was placed on the intensive development of the industry, which was to be the carrier of the overall economic development of the entire country. In accordance with this strategy, large industrial plants were established in all parts of Yugoslavia, thanks to which there was an intensive process of urbanization of numerous previously dormant communities. However, when there was a conflict and then a break with the USSR, Yugoslavia was forced to partially modify its economic development plans (the so-called Five-Year Plans). These changes in Bosnia and Herzegovina were most felt by cities such as Zenica, which instead of the originally planned Doboj became a Yugoslav metallurgical center, and Novi Travnik, which arose as a result of relocating part of the arms industry from Kragujevac in Serbia to central Bosnia. The factory “Bratstvo" (meaning Brotherhood) was built on a deserted meadow near Travnik in the heart of central Bosnia, and for the needs of housing workers who built industrial plants, as well as for those who worked in those plants, the first residential buildings were built in the form of low-quality wooden barracks. These were the roots of the workers' settlement that gradually grew into a new town called Novi Travnik. The fateful link between the factory and the city, which was established at that time, was not interrupted during the entire socialist period, so the survival and development of Novi Travnik completely depended on the business opportunities in the "Bratstvo" factory. The expansion of the production and plant of the "Bratstvo" also included the construction of new housing, communal, social, health, sports, cultural, catering and other facilities in Novi Travnik. A successful business year in "Bratstvo" meant a secure inflow of money into the local community budget as well as a sufficient number of funds for the work of cultural, artistic, entertainment, sports and all other societies in the city. The same rule applied in the case of bad business of "Bratstvo", and the most obvious example of how important the factory was for Novi Travnik can be seen in the case of a failed business in Ghana. The local authorities in Novi Travnik were absolutely aware of the role of the "Brotherhood" in the development of Novi Travnik and tried in every way to facilitate the functioning of the company, so, except for a few mere misunderstandings, relations between city and factory management were mostly friendly. After all, when the survival of the "Bratstvo" was called into question due to the failed business in Ghana, local authorities were among the first to appeal for the company's salvation, clearly noting that with the disappearance of the factory, the fate of Novi Travnik would be sealed. The paper presents a brief overview of the history of the company "Bratstvo" from its founding in June 1949 until the end of the socialist period in 1990, and analyses the relations between the city and factory authorities in that period. The aim of the paper was to show the importance that the factory "Bratstvo" had for the overall development of Novi Travnik and to determine how much the local authorities were aware of the role of companies in the development of the city. The paper provides insight into the processes that took place in a particular local community, but which can also be found in other industrial cities of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Yugoslavia during the socialist period.

EXPENDITURE POLICY OF COMMUNITY BUDGETS IN RA

The issues for ensuring the financial policy of the RA communities are discussed. The directions of fiscal policy and the implementation of community budget expenditures are analyzed. Opportunities for improving expenditure policies and financial decentralization in the Republic of Armenia are assessed.

- Fes illegal housing and restructuring strategy – The state of the JNANATES: السكن غير القانوني بمدينة فاس واستراتيجية إعادة الهيكلة -حالة حي الجنانات -

This research study aims to approach and identify the phenomenon of illegal housing in Fez by highlighting the most important factors and mechanism contributing to its origins, and then the most important stages it has learned, as well as the most important interventions and strategies the country has adopted for its structure. In order to approach this subject in an academic way, we have based on the curriculum, because of its importance in studying the various relationships and interactions between the accelerating rise of demographic growth due mainly to the natural increase of the population and rural migration, The rise in housing demand, while the old town was filled by the running-up of its property and the rise of the new city's housing, brought about the emergence of the illegal housing phenomenon with the margins of Fez. We have also found the most important findings and recommendations in this study, which we include as follows: Despite the measures taken to find solutions to the problem of illegal housing in Fez, especially in the north-eastern part of the city, there are still several problems in the economic, social and environmental levels, and we suggest that: Integration of all the illegal neighbourhoods in Fez through its structure and the provision of various basic facilities. – reasonable support for the local community budget for its effective contribution to financing programs for the illegal housing restructuring, as well as for expanding its powers at the level of the intervention strategy. To reduce the overlapping of the competence of the actors in the field of structuring and to encourage coordination among them to make the operation a success. The State must be aware that the phenomenon of illegal housing is an inevitable reality and must, therefore, have the effective will to address it through the revitalization and support of economic and social housing programs with respect to quality factors in construction. To develop the city's Susioeconomic projects in general, especially in illegal neighbourhoods, with a view to operating dormant units to contribute to financing the restructuring and housing programs. The increase in compensation for families living in buildings threatened with the collapse in return for empty-houses for rehousing. Support, development and evaluation of traditional activities with a view to achieving local development. -at the environmental level, encourage investment in creating green spaces consistent with the population. Participation of civil society in urban restructuring and rehabilitation projects. In order to accelerate the implementation of the plans and strategies adopted (village development strategy, human development projects, green plan... The aim of economic and social advancement for the rural world is to reduce or rather reduce rural migration toward the city.