High Jack

This chapter examines the operations of FIFA in the CONCACAF zone. In this regard, it examines three main areas: (i) the use of public or celebrity type diplomacy, courtesy of David Beckham, as part of the English bid to host the 2018 World Cup; (ii) the blurred nature of the distinction between state and non-state actors in the context of Caribbean soccer, given the fact that a former senior vice president of FIFA was also a senior member of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago; and (iii) the implications of this overlap for the workings of the state and the governance of the game. In addition, it is argued that FIFA has practiced a dark form of soccer diplomacy in this area, be it in relation to state or non-state actors, which has been marked by adherence to its “own rules of the game” to the general detriment of the sport.

SYNTOPIC ELYMNIAS AGONDAS ARUANA FEMALE FORMS MIMIC DIFFERENT TAENARIS MODEL SPECIES (PAPILIONOIDEA: NYMPHALIDAE: SATYRINAE) ON ARU, INDONESIA

Wing patterns of female Elymnias agondas (Boisduval, 1832) butterflies are highly variable, presumably to mimic different Taenaris species throughout New Guinea and surrounding islands. Labels on most E. agondas museum specimens lack precise locality information, complicating efforts to match E. agondas female wing patterns with presumed Taenaris model species. This paucity of data also makes it impossible to determine where different forms occur and whether they are strictly allopatric. During fieldwork on the Aru Archipelago, we found two distinct forms of E. agondas females occurring syntopically. The “light form” resembles T. catops, while the “dark form” seems to mimic T. myops and T. artemis. We discuss the significance of this finding and illustrate species in the Taenaris mimicry ring encountered on Aru.

A New European Species of Pachynematus Konow (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) feeding on Spruce (Picea)

Dr. W. Thalenhorst, of the Niedersächsische Forstliche Versuchsanstalt, Göttingen, Germany, sent me some time ago specimens of what he took to be an abnormally dark form of Pachynematus montanus (Zaddach). These had been reared in 1952 from larvae, not at the time distinguished from the larvae of that species and found feeding with them on spruce (Picea abies) in the Harz Mountains in the previous year. Unfortunately the female was smashed in the post and I did not like to describe a new species that would have to be based on only a few males, though I was not able to identify them with any known species. In 1955, however, he reared another female of the same species and from this he tried to obtain eggs but without any success. This female I now have before me. No further specimens have been found.