CFIUS Expanded—How will the Broadened Scope Affect Private Equity?

On August 13th, President Trump signed into law the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018 (FIRRMA). FIRRMA overhauls and significantly expands the jurisdiction of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S. (CFIUS), which reviews, modifies and has the power to prohibit certain foreign acquisitions and investments in U.S. businesses, including private equity and other fund investments. FIRRMA significantly expands the reach of CFIUS beyond transactions that result in foreign control, gives CFIUS the ability to review a much broader set of industries, and makes the review of certain investments mandatory. The expansion will re-shape the way that private equity transactions will be structured going forward.

Maximos Homologetes († 662): Martyrium, Märtyrerbewusstsein, „Martyriumssucht“?

As soon as Maximos Confessor had died on August 13th 662 due to the effects of dismemberment—his punishment, following a charge of high treason against him and his students—he was seen and revered as a martyr and saint by his followers. During their seven-year banishment, after the first trial in the year 655, those punished interpreted their deliberately accepted punishment as martyrdom, which they documented in literary works, which were later called lawsuit protocols. They modeled the texts upon early Christian martyr trials, and used many elements of the theology of martyrdom for self-identification. By doing so, the group of Palestinian monks that followed Maximos tried to defend themselves against the charges brought against them, arguing that their ecclesiastical, political, and theological enemies were like the persecutors. Because the motives of the punished are very clear, unlike those of the early Christian martyrs, it remains to be seen, whether or not the death of Maximos Confessor really is a martyrdom, especially considering the political and ecclesiastical intrigues as well as the provocative theological stubbornness of Maximos himself.