Hydrostatic differential meter of local density of natural waters

Variants of constructing meters of local density of natural waters in deep-water instruments are proposed. In the first variant, the density of water is determined as the sum of the density of the reference liquid in a vertical tube with access in the middle of the tube of external pressure and the weighted sum of the readings of differential pressure sensors at the ends of the tube. The second version contains two identical basic or simplified meters with different densities of the reference liquid. In the third variant, n primary meters are used, from which n sub-bands or 2 С n results of pairwise measurements are formed. In the fourth version, one or more primary or simplified meters are used, which are adjusted to the measured density by changing the temperature.

Wettability investigation of stainless steel fibers with mineral oils using the modified method for liquid penetration kinetics

The modified Washburn equation and the lipophilic/hydrophilic (L/H) ratio are most commonly used for the wettability characterization of fibers. Therefore, this liquid penetration method was applied for the wettability investigation of stainless steel fibers with mineral oils and the lipophilic/hydrophilic (L/H) ratio was obtained. As test liquids mineral oils and water were used. It was found that the range of L/H ratio values was vastly broad (from 1048340 to 37802) concluding that this liquid penetration method was not suitable for these particular fibers. Consequently, in this study a modified method was developed defining a novel route to filter media wettability characterization and establishing the lipophilic/lyophobic ratio (LLR). As the new reference liquid the medical, white oil was selected. By using polar mineral oils the interval of the LLR ratio for stainless steel fibers ranged from 1 to 28. It can be concluded that the suggested LLR ratio, was adequately selected as a measure of wettability for stainless steel fibers with mineral oils. The LLR ratio exponentially increased with the increase of the neutralization number and viscosity of investigated mineral oils.