Effect of integrated nitrogen management on quality of rice

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2012 at Rice Research Unit, Bapatla to study the quality of rice affected by integrated use of nitrogen. The experiment was laidout in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments. Results of the investigation revealed that significantly the highest quality parameters of rice like head rice recovery, volume expansion ratio, iron and zinc content were recorded by the application of 50 per cent nitrogen though organics and 50 per cent nitrogen through in-organics and it was on par with 100 per cent RDN through organic source treatment.

Total Nitrogen in Fertilizer: Collaborative Study

A modified comprehensive nitrogen method, using 0.4 g C11SO4 as catalyst, is presented. This method plus a modified Raney powder method (mercury-free) with no metallic oxidation catalyst are compared with the AOAC comprehensive nitrogen method. Results from 19 collaborating laboratories for 11 samples are evaluated. The modified Raney method gave significantly low results on 2 samples: 21-7-14 (nitric phosphates-non-sulfate sulfur) and tryptophan. The results for the average per cent nitrogen for 11 samples from the modified comprehensive nitrogen method were comparable to those from the official method at the 95 % probability level; the overall pooled standard deviations were also similar. In this collaborative study, the modified method (with copper) was equal in accuracy and precision to the official method (with mercury). The modified comprehensive nitrogen method has been adopted as official first action.

Semiautomated Method for Total Nitrogen in Fertilizers

A semiautomated method (SAM) for total nitrogen in fertilizers has been developed which parallels the official first action semiautomated method for crude protein in feeds, 7.B05–7.B11. The SAM is simple, accurate, precise, flexible, rapid, and requires a minimum of laboratory space. Nitrate was reduced and organic nitrogen materials were digested by the sulfuric-salicylic acid chemistry in the block digestor. The nitrogen, as ammonia, in the digestate was determined automatically at the rate of 40 samples/hr with the automated ammonia analysis system. A small amount of CuSO4, (33 mg/sample) as the SAM digestion catalyst gave total recovery of organic nitrogen in fertilizer. Repeated analyses by the SAM and the AOAC official final action comprehensive nitrogen method (CNM) were made on Magruder fertilizer check samples, liquid and suspension fertilizers, and bulk blended commercial fertilizer materials. Average per cent nitrogen in liquid and suspension samples was higher by the SAM than by the CNM when sample weights similar to those for solid fertilizer were used. The precision of the SAM on liquids also agreed closely with that by the CNM. The only limitation of the semiautomated method was for fertilizer samples containing a Cl/NO3 ratio greater than 0.75 w/w. The SAM recoveries on 3 samples with very high Cl/NO3 ratios wert 94.1–99.1% of those by the CNM. Precision was also less than on any other samples. The average per cent nitrogen found for all experimental samples was 14.68 by the SAM and 14.67 by the CNM. The average relative standard deviation (RSD) for all 22 samples was 1.06% by the SAM and 0.74% by the CNM. When 3 samples with high Cl/NO3 ratios (>0.75) were excluded, the average per cent nitrogen was 15.77 (CNM) and 15.81 (SAM); respective RSDs were 0.68 and 0.65% for the SAM and CNM, respectively. A comparison of results on 405 commercial fertilizer samples by both methods showed an average difference (SAM — CNM) of + 0.017% nitrogen and aver age relative difference of 1.23%.

An evaluation of ammonium sulphate as a potential NPN source for ruminants

Experiments were undertaken to examine the comparative toxicity to sheep of ammonium sulphate and urea given as single doses and the value of ammonium sulphate fed alone or in combination with urea as a supplement to low nitrogen roughages. Ammonium sulphate dosing produced significantly lower mean blood ammonia levels than urea dosing. Fifteen grams of nitrogen as ammonium sulphate were tolerated as a single dose but the equivalent level of urea was toxic. lnappetance and ruminal stasis was noted when sheep fed a low nitrogen roughage (0.5 per cent nitrogen) received ammonium sulphate supplement as the sole non-protein nitrogen source. Ruminal stasis and inappetance may have been due to sulphide toxicity. Ammonium sulphate when used at lower levels in varying combinations with urea was well utilized as a nitrogen and sulphur source even when supplying 50 per cent of the supplemented nitrogen.

The effect of nitrogen intake, sulphur intake and dietary nitrogen source on the performance of the early weaned calf

An experiment was conducted with 40 male Friesian calves between five and eleven weeks of age to estimate their nitrogen and sulphur requirement. The basal diet contained 2.2 per cent nitrogen which was supplemented with urea or meat meal to 3.1 per cent nitrogen. The urea was added both with and without sodium sulphate. The weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion ratio of the calves fed the diet containing 2.2 per cent nitrogen was lower than that of the calves fed the diets containing 3.1 per cent nitrogen, but they were not affected by the nature of the nitrogen supplement or by the addition of sulphur to the urea supplemented diet which already contained 0.11 per cent sulphur. The apparent digestion of organic matter, dry matter, and nitrogen was greater at six weeks of age than at ten weeks of age. The excretion of nitrogen in the urine was greater in the calves fed the diets containing urea, but there was no difference in nitrogen retention. The retention of sulphur was 0.47 g a day for the calves fed the diet containing 0.11 per cent sulphur compared with 0.85 to 1.75 g a day for the calves fed the other diets. The concentration of urea in the blood plasma was higher in the calves at five weeks of age than at ten weeks of age and increased with increased nitrogen intake. The concentration of urea in the blood plasma was higher in the calves whose diet included urea than in the calves fed the meat meal supplemented diet.

Effect of Chloride: Nitrate Ratios on Total Nitrogen Determinations

A study is reported on the effect of various chloride: nitrate ratios on per cent nitrogen recovered. The comprehensive and Raney methods were not affected. The salicylic acid method gave decreasing recoveries with the higher ratios.

The effect of length of legume and non-legume leys on gravimetric soil nitrogen at some locations in the Victorian wheat areas

Total soil nitrogen increase in the surface six inches under sown pasture legume leys of up to ten years' duration at Dookie, Longerenong, Rutherglen, and Walpeup in the wheatgrowing areas of Victoria was linearly related to the length of pasture period. Annual increases in soil nitrogen were 0.00467, 0.00474, 0.00400, and 0.00142 per cent, respectively. Under non-legume pastures at Longerenong and Walpeup, annual increases in the surface six inches of 0.00292 and 0.00094 per cent nitrogen were obtained. The source of this nitrogen is not known.

Studies of Casein V. The Action of Rennin on Casein

The liberation of non-protein nitrogen, soluble in 12 per cent. Trichloroacetic acid, from various milk protein fractions by rennin (0,1 fLg rennin NJml) at pH 6�7 and 25�C is examined. 1� 0 per cent. nitrogen is rapidly released from whole casein, 3� 4 per cent. from second-cycle casein-fraction S, and 6� 7 per cent. from K-casein. None is split from other milk protein fractions under the same conditions.

The Phosphatides of Hevea Brasiliensis

The presence of phosphatide in Hevea latex had long been suspected, but it was not until 1931 that Rhodes and Bishop isolated phosphatidic material containing 0.59 per cent nitrogen and 1.72 per cent phosphorus from the serum of latex which had been coagulated with ethanol. The crude material of these authors represented 0.2 per cent of the latex and, on treatment with acetone, yielded an insoluble fraction containing 0.88 per cent nitrogen and 2.56 per cent phosphorus (40 per cent of the former product). This latter fraction was, according to the accepted analytical composition of phosphatide, still very impure. The work of Rhodes and Bishop was repeated by Altman and Kraay, who isolated in very small amounts a product which gave much the same analyses, and extended the findings of Rhodes and Bishop by showing that the crude phosphatide contained both choline and glycerophosphoric acid. It is very probable that the phosphatide, although present in such small amount, is one of the important nonrubber components of latex. Judging from the ease with which phosphatides emulsify in aqueous media, there seems little doubt that the phosphatidic material assists in the maintenance of latex as a stable emulsion. It has been suggested by Bollman that crude phosphatide preparations act as natural antioxidants in vegetable oils. This suggestion has been disputed by Diemair and Fox and other workers, who state that this property is not possessed by pure phosphatide, although the complex system from which the phosphatide had been separated was an active antioxidant. Diemair, Strohecker and Reuland have advanced the opinion that the active antioxidant is a protein-phosphatide complex. The present work was undertaken as part of an investigation of the non-rubber components of latex. The crude phosphatide was prepared by the method of Rhodes and Bishop, the preliminary treatment being carried out at the Rubber Research Laboratories, Ceylon, under the direction of Mr. O'Brien, to whom the author's thanks are due. The raw material was treated by the method outlined below. The crude phosphatide was fractionated by a method which was essentially that used by Channon and Foster in their work on the phosphatides of wheat germ. The fractionation resulted in the isolation of a fairly pure form of phosphatidic acid (the possible source of which is discussed later) and an impure form of lecithin. The lecithin fraction contained little or no kephalin (only about 5.5 per cent of the nitrogen in this fraction was amino-nitrogen), a finding which was unexpected.