Biological management of fusarium wilt on tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycospersici by some plant growth-promoting bacteria

Chemical approaches have been applied to combat Fusarium wilt disease for a long time. Even though pesticides are effective in controlling the disease, they continue to damage the environment. Environmental-friendly approaches to manage plant disease are the goal of many studies recently. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of some bio-agents in induction of systemic resistance in tomato plants as a management approach of Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) under condition Plastic house. Results of the plastic house experiments showed that all treatments in decreased Fusarium disease percentage and severity on tomato, two bacterial combinations (Streptomyces sp. (St) and Pseudomonas fluorescence (Pf)) decreased the infection percentage and disease severity with 16.6% and 8.3%, respectively. Treatment with St reduced the infection percentage and disease severity with 33.3% and 22.8%, while the Pf treatment showed 41.6% and 31.2% reduction in infection percentage and disease severity, compared to 100% and 91.6% in the control treatment. Results of induced systemic resistance (ISR) biochemical indicators showed significant differences in tomato plants. Peroxidase and Phenylalanine-Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) activity and the Phenol content increased significantly 14 days after treatments compared to the control treatment, which contains only the fungal pathogen FOL.

THE INFLUENCE OF ARECA NUT (Areca catechu) AQUAEOUS EXTRACT ON ABILITY TO PREVENT AND TREAT ASCARIDIA GALLI INFECTION AND WEIGHT GAIN OF NOI CHICKEN IN THE PERIOD FROM 3 TO 13 WEEKS OF AGE

This study is to investigate the effects of Areca nut aqueous extract and Levamisol for deworming against Ascaridia galli infection in Noi chickens. A total of 72 Noi chickens were used in the experiments and randomly assigned to 3 treatments, having 24 chicks per treatment with 4 replications (n = 6/replicate). The results showed that gain weight level of chickens using Areca nut aquaeous extract was better than the control treatment. A decrease in worm infection percentage of chicks treated by Areca nut aquaeous extract and Levamisol at the age of 5 – 6 weeks compared with 4 weeks was also reported. There was a highly significant effect (P < 0.05) among the treats on Ascaridia galli infection rate at 6 weeks of age, decreasing much lower in the treatment using Areca nut aquaeous extract.

Kecepatan dan Presentase Infeksi Penyakit Ice-Ice pada Kappaphycus alvarezii di Perairan Bluto Sumenep [Velocity and Infection Percentage of Ice-Ice Disease on Kappaphycus alvarezii in Bluto Beach Sumenep]

Seaweed is vulnerable to be infected by disease due to unlikely environmental circumstance. This condition could cause impact on the optimum growth of seaweed. This research was carried out to understand the rate and percentage of ice-ice disease on Kappaphycus alvarezii. Seven units of seaweed rafts were used. Each of them was observed every 12 hours. Results of this research indicated that the percentage of infection was relatively higher during the day on the observation units which were located next to the shore (1,008%). Three days after the infection of ice-ice disease occurred, the mortality of Kappaphycus alvarezii was certain. Therefore, it was recommended that harvesting Kappaphycus alvarezii should be done one day after the indications of ice-ice disease were noticed.

Molecular and pathological identification of maize genotypes having Wsm gene governing resistance against MDMV and MCDV

Maize is seriously affected by different viruses like Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV) and Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus (MCDV) throughout the world. In Bangladesh, no genotype has been identified yet as a source of resistant gene against MDMV and MCDV. The study was carried out with the objective to screen nine maize genotypes carrying Wsm gene using three sets of Single Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker. Maize plants were inoculated with viruses. Symptoms were scored at 7, 10 and 14 dpi (days post inoculation) to calculate infection percentage and Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). The molecular result indicated that BHM-7, BHM-5, V-92, Uttaran and Duranta carried Wsm gene, but according to pathological test, functional resistance was observed for only BHM-7, V-92 and Uttaran on the basis of infection percentage and AUDPC score. BHM-7 (BARI Hybrid Maize 7) was noticed as the best one for showing resistance against MDMV and carrying Wsm gene. No genotype was found to govern resistance against MCDV.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 208-214, August 2018

Early-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Application Improved Physiological Performances of Sugarcane Seedling and Further Growth in the Dry Land

The Indonesian sugarcane production in the dryland was not optimal due to physiological stress. The research to improve their physiological characteristics by arbuscular mycorrhizal application was conducted at inceptisol soil from April 2014 to February 2015, using factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was clones PS864, Kidangkencana, PS881, Bululawang, and VMC, whereas the second factor was timing of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum applications i.e.: in the field, nursery, and control. The results show that the mycorrhizal application in the nursery significantly increased the infection percentage (41.3%) at the age of 1 week after transplanting to the field. There are differences in physiological and growth performance of clones by the effect of timing of mycorrhizal application. Bululawang with mycorrhizal application in the nursery stage tended to have better physiological performance such as chlorophylls a, b, and total chlorophyll, photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, leaf area, as well as the weight of stem biomass. Mycorrhizal application in the nursery stage showed the highest increase of net assimilation rate on the PS864 and, BL clones, and the highest crop growth rate on the PS864, KK and BL clones. The mycorrizal inoculum application in the nursery increased the biomass weight of stem (11-61.1%). Infection percentage of mycorrhiza was positively correlated with the biomass weight with r2 values of 0.54.

Seroprevelance study of Toxoplasma gondii in horses and camels animal in Wasit province

The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevelance of Toxoplasma gondii in camels and horses in Wasit province and to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in certain animals farm in Wasit province, also this study included the extent of the disease in camels and horses within two months starting from the January until February of 2015. A total of 184 samples were collected of them 92 horses and 92 camels. The results showed that the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in horses was 18.4%, in camels 20.6% and the infection percentage of females were more than that males in both horses and camels 21.1 and 20.2%, respectively. Also the present results revealed that younger animals infections were more than in older animals; as well, the percentage of infection in January was more than the incidence in February in each of the horses and camels.

Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis in Al-Rusafah Regions of Baghdad governarate

Urinary Schistosomiasis is one of important diseases that cause irritation and damage of urinary tract and other systems and tissues and can not be expected by doctors when diagnosing urinary tract diseases.The current study is conducted to investigate the prevalence of schistosomiasisin Baghdad / Al-Rusafa. 191urine samples were collected fromresidents ofsome areas of Al-Rusafain Baghdad governarate (Almashtal, Albaladyat, Alameen, Baghdad aljadida and Alnahrawan) for the period from March until the end of September 2010.The samples were examined by the precipitation and examination of micro hematuria by reagent strips. The total infection percentage was 9.42% (18/191) and was significantly higher in males compared tofemales12.64% (11/87), 6.73% (7/104) respectivly, and in ages

Effect of Proline and Aspirin on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Lycopersicon esculentum and Surface Growth of Fusarium oxysporum

Research was conducted to study the effect of proline and aspirin with 10 and 20 ppm on seed germination and seedling growth of Lycopersicon esculentum and the effect of surface growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The results showed that the proline and aspirin effected significantly to decreased percentage of seed germination, acceleration of germination, promoter indicator, elongation speed of radical and plumule and also the infection percentage of seed decay and surface growth of Fusarium oxysporum was reduced significantly.