Compositional Variation and Color Diversity of Glass Beads from a 4th Century Tomb Complex in Korea

This study investigated the chemical compositions and color diversity of various colored glass beads excavated from the 4th century Suchonri site in Korea. The results reveal that the compositions of the coloring materials and stabilizers contain black or white impurities, and there are clear boundaries in the weathered surfaces within the glass beads. The weathered side turned brown, the amounts of Na and K are greater, and there is a decrease in alkali elements. The fragments in blue-green beads from tomb No. 11 were identified as potash glass, whereas the rest of the samples were soda glass. Analysis of the coloration elements identified Fe and Cu in all glass beads, and it was estimated that both elements resulted in a green color. Fe was predicted to cause a brown color. The results of the study may be used not only for scientific interpretation of the relics from the Suchonri tomb complex but also as archaeological evidence that may contribute to the material characterization of the ancient glass from the Korean peninsula.

PENGARUH METODE GLASS ANALYSIS TERHADAP SELF-EFFICACY MEMBACA DAN READING LEVEL (STUDI PADA SALAH SATU SISWA KELAS 3 SD DENGAN KESULITAN MEMBACA DI SEKOLAH INKLUSI DI TANGERANG SELATAN)

This study aims to examine the effect of the glass analysis method on reading self-efficacy and reading levels in grade 3 elementary school students who have difficulty in reading. Glass analysis is one method of reading for students who experience reading difficulties, focuses on decoding. Glass analysis intervention was investigated to prove its effect on self-efficacy reading and reading levels. Self-efficacy is a person's belief in his ability to master tasks. The results of the effort are reading level, which is a proof of the success of the effort that has been achieved by students in reading skills. Determination of the sample using non probability sampling with purposive sampling technique. The subject consists of two, one experimental subject and one comparison subject. The experimental subjects received glass analysis intervention, while the comparison subjects described the reading and reading self-efficacy level of grade 3 elementary school students. The research variables were measured using two instruments, The Reader Self-Perception Scale (33 items) and informal reading tests. The data of the study were analyzed using paired-sample t test, so that the results obtained that glass analysis has not been able to influence reading self-efficacy (z = -1.0 and p> 0.05) and reading level (z = -1.0 and p> 0 ,05).Keyword: Glass Analysis, Self-Efficacy Membaca, Reading Level

Differentiated Learning Model For Student with Reading Difficulties

This research is an analytical-descriptive study which focuses on the characteristics of students with difficulties in reading and the needs for differentiated learning instruction. The result of this study reveals that the prevalence of Students with Difficulties in Reading reaches 9,15% of the total population of students from each elementary school in Tomohon. The most excellent ability in reading comprehension which students have achieved is the level of literal reading. Students who have this level of reading skill can only be found in two elementary schools. Of 10 elementary schools, only students from 4 elementary schools whose reading ability lies on the lowest level, that is understanding vocabulary. In general, students face the difficulties in understanding inference and applying vocabularies. Learning process which has recently used is inadequate to accommodate students’ ability and solve their difficulties. The methods used in class include lectures and assignments. There are two methods, those are Rumpang Method and Glass analysis. The recent condition which students with difficulties in reading face requires immediate and meticulous problem solving. Therefore, teachers need to apply differentiated learning instruction in order to facilitate adaptive learning process suitable for the abilities of students with difficulties in reading.