HYDRODENITROGENATION OF 2-METHYL QUINOLINE - EFFECT OF STERIC HINDRANCE IN LIQUID PHASE CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION

Hydrodenitrognation (HDN) of 2-methyl quinoline (quinaldine) and quinoline in liquid phase on S-NiMo/a-Al2O3 catalyst was carried out in a batch reactor at 3.0 - 10.0 MPa and 130 � 360oC in Poly alpha-olefin solvent. Hydrogenolysis and Hydrogenation results in formation of products such as 1,2,3,4-treta hydro Quinaldine (1-THQ), 5,6,7,8-terta hydro Quinaldine (5-THQ), Deca hydro Quinaldine (DHQ), Butyl cyclohexane (BCH), Butyl cyclo hexene (BCHE) and butyl benzene (BB). Under studied condition, amine rings of quinaldine was rapidly hydrogenated and it forms relevant quasi equilibrium with 1,2,3,4-treta hydro quinaldine (1-THQ), 5,6,7,8-terta hydro quinaldine(5-THQ) and Deca hydro quinaldine (DHQ). The quinaldine reaction path either 1-THQ or 5-THQ indicated dependent of temperature and independent of partial pressure. Over which amine adsorption on metal sites reduced due to steric hindrance of methyl-group adjacent to N-bonding and increases the rate of intermediate formation through benzene ring hydrogenation. Distinguished HDN hydrogenolysis mechanism of quinaldine and its intermediate compounds were studied and compared with quinoline HDN. Thus, 5-THQ to DHQ and C-N cleavage identified as rate limiting step through steric hindrance HDN mechanism.

A stable tetrazagallole and its radical anion dimer

The reaction of the carbazole ligand supported Ga(I) compound LGa(THF) (3) and 1-azido-4-(tert-butyl)benzene (ArN3) afforded the first stable tetrazagallole LGaN4Ar2 (4) bearing a three-coordinate Ga atom. Reduction of 4 with...

Effects of filler type and content on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of waste casting polyamide 6 (W-PA6G)-based wood plastic composites

Cast polyamide 6 (PA6G), trade name Castamide, is a semi-crystalline polymer widely used in the engineering plastics industry. There is a need to recycle valuable waste (W)-PA6G generated during part manufacturing of this polymer (approximately 30%). This study attempts to utilize W-PA6G in the manufacture of wood-plastic composites as a polymeric matrix. The effect of lignocellulosic filler type (FT) and filler content (FC) on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of W-PA6G-based composites were investigated. During manufacturing, N-butyl benzene sulfonamide (N-BBSA) and lithium chloride (LiCl) were utilized as a plasticizer and a melt temperature-lowering salt, respectively. The rice husk (RH) and Uludağ fir wood flour (WF) filled W-PA6G-based composites were successfully manufactured using a combination of extrusion and injection molding. Compared to RH filled composites, WF filled composites provided better tensile and flexural properties (both strength and modulus) at 20% and 30% filler contents. Morphological study showed the nonhomogeneous distribution of fillers in the polymeric matrix. Lignocellulosic filler resulted in reduced melting temperature and crystallinity of W-PA6G-based composites. This reduction was more pronounced in RH filled composites.

A non-symmetric sulfur-based O,C,O-chelating pincer ligand leading to chiral germylene and stannylene

New chiral heteroleptic germanium(ii) and tin(ii) metallylenes were obtained using 1-(para-tolylsulfinyl)-3-tosyl-5-tert-butyl-benzene as a non-symmetric O,C,O-chelating pincer ligand.

Antioxidant activities of two novel synthetic methylbenzenediol derivatives

2-(tert-Butyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,4-diol and 3-(tert-butyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol were synthesised by Friedel-Craft reaction of 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol and 4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol, respectively, with tertiary butanol providing reasonable yields. The antioxidant activities of these two products, mother compounds and 2-(tert-butyl)benzene-1,4-diol were investigated and compared by means of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and Rancim at test; 3-(tert-butyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol is the most potent antioxidant tested by using Rancimat test experiment. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging abilities of 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol and 2-(tert-butyl)benzene-1,4-diol are almost equal and more than twice as strong as 2-(tert-butyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,4-diol and 3-(tert-butyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol. The antioxidant activities of the five compounds evaluated by Rancimat test mainly depend on their steric synergist effects between the two phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecules. The antioxidant activities of the five compounds mainly depend on how many 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals can be scavenged by one mole of them in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test. One mole of 2-methylbenzene-1,4-diol, 4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol and 2-(tert-butyl)benzene-1,4-diol can scavenge four moles of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, but one mole of 2-(tert-butyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,4-diol or 3-(tert-butyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,2-diol can only scavenge two mole 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals because 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals are very bulky.

IDENTIFIKASI PRODUK TURUNAN HYDROPROCESSING MODEL MINYAK SINTETIS BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN GC-FID/NPD/MS

An analysis of identifying a derivative product of liquefied coal modelhydroprocessing was conducted. For that purpose, an integration gaschromatography flame ionization-nitrogen phosphorous detector and massspectrometry (GC-FID/NPD/MS) was used. Hydroprocessing process wasperformed by vibrating micro autoclave tipe batch using Ni-W/Alumina catalystunder initial hydrogen pressure 6 MPa, reaction temperature 375oC and one hourretention time. The analysis result showed that the predominant reaction werehydrogenation, hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO).The HDO of methyl phenol and ethyl phenol took place faster than the otherhydroprocessing reactions such as HDN of quinoline and aromatic hydrogenation(butyl benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene dan pyrene). This indicates that thehydrogenation reaction or the cleavage of C-O bonding took place very fast thatalkyl could not be detected in the oil. The HDN reaction or the cleavage of C-Ntook place slower but the the nitrogen containing compound vanished faster dueto selective adsorption of the catalyst. However the hydrogenation reaction ofmono-aromatic took place faster than poly-aromaticKata kunci: gas chromatography, identifikasi senyawa, model minyak sintetis