UTILIZATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIBRES CEMENTOUS MATERIALS AND SBR LATEX IN THE CONCRETE - A REVIEW

Concrete’s tensile strength is low compared to its compressive strength when subjected to normal stresses and impact loads, making it brittle. Continuous reinforcing improves the strength and ductility of concrete, but it requires careful placement and the availability of labour. In this work, the impact of several types of concrete fibre characteristics was studied. The concept of using fibres to alter the characteristics of building materials isn’t new. When concrete cracks and randomly oriented fibres start to operate together, they prevent crack development and extension while also increasing strength and ductility. The current trend is to develop more effective crack-resistant concrete, such as reinforced fibre concrete. The geometric size and modulus of fibres are the key factors of the mechanical performance of fibre reinforced concrete. According to the findings, adding fibres to concrete enhances compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, ductility, and impact strength. KEY WORDS: Nylon Fibre; Latex; Compressive Strength; Split Tensile Strength; Flexural Strength, Durability.

Strength Enhancement of Fibre Reinforced Peat with Fly Ash as Stabilized Subgrade Layer

High content of organic matter and fibre within peat results in a high degree of porosity; causing peat to have low bearing capacity. This study focuses on the application of nylon fibre as reinforcing material with fly ash as the chemical stabilizer to enhance the strength of the peat. The standard proctor tests were conducted to obtain the optimum moisture content (OMC) for all samples in which these OMC is then used for sample preparation of both the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. Samples for this study were categorized into control samples and modified samples for comparison purposes. Additives that were being used in this study are 5% cement, 5% nylon fibre and 10%, 15%, and 20% fly ash. For UCS test, the samples were cured for 7, 14, 28 and 56 days, whereas only 7 days of curing for CBR test. Throughout the study, improvements of strength were observed where sample added with 5% cement, 5% nylon fibre and 10% fly ash recorded the highest compressive strength value, of 123.71 kN/m2. As for CBR test, all samples exceeded the minimum requirement of 12% CBR value for subgrade design recommended by JKR Malaysia with the highest CBR value obtained from samples added with 5% cement and 10% fly ash. The CBR values were 43.85% and 43.70% for unsoaked and soaked condition, respectively.

Influence of bio-filler on the mechanical properties of glass/nylon fibre reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites

Studies on bio-fillers addition to polymer composites is gaining momentum as it is an effective substitute for core reinforcements, leading to cost reduction in manufacturing composites and enhanced composite performance. The present study utilizes plain E-glass and nylon fibre woven mats as reinforcements with treated broiler egg shell as a filler for developing the composites. Composite laminates were fabricated with varying filler contents. Composites were characterized for tensile, flexural and impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to observe the fibre matrix interactions. Results showed a decline in tensile and flexural properties mainly due to weak interfacial bonding while an improvement in resistance to impact loading was observed in Glass Fibre (GF), Nylon Fibre(NF) and Hybrid Composites (HC) with the addition of filler material.

Studies on compressive strength of sandy clay soil samples with different percentages of lime and nylon fibres

To develop economically feasible and durable methods of ground improvement are some of the major challenges faced by geotechnical engineers. Many commonly available stabilisers like lime, fly ash, rice husk ash has been used in many studies. These stabilisers are known to improve the compressive strength of soil. But in order to improve the tensile properties of soil and increase the ductility characteristics, fibres can be included along with the commonly used stabilisers. In this paper values of compressive strength of sandy clay soil treated with different concentrations of lime and nylon fibre is studied and compared with the values of untreated native soil. The compressive strength of soil increases with increase in lime content up to 10%. The compressive strength of soil also increases with nylon fibre inclusion up to a concentration of 0.3%. With further increase in nylon fibre content, compressive strength decreases in the studied samples. In the present study the difference in the increase in compressive strength shown by composites with random and horizontal layers of nylon fibres as inclusions appears to be very small. The present study concludes that a combination of lime and nylon fibre can be a better stabilizer for ground improvement. Keywords—unconfined compressive strength, lime, horizontal layer, nylon fibre

Modification of Adapter in Auto Cone Winding Machine for Better Performance

The economy of Bangladesh is largely depending on textile and garments industries at this moment. In this industry the overall demand of quality and cost reduction is increasing constantly along with steadily growing production capacities. For these reasons backward linkage industry like spinning plays a vital role for sustainable textile production in Bangladesh. Winding machine plays a significant role in quality of ring spun yarn in a spinning factory. Modification of adapter used in winding machine is accomplished in this work. Two diameter of adapter such as 58 mm and 68 mm was produced from nylon fibre and attached to the Muratec 21C winding machine. By using these two modified and one conventional metallic adapter three different fineness of yarn such as 30’s Ne cotton, 40’s Ne PC, and 50’s Ne cotton was produced by ring spinning machine in the same processing parameters. Those yarns were wound with 900, 1100, 1300, 1400 & 1500 m/min with original and modified adapters. After winding of yarn different quality parameters like unevenness (%), imperfection index (-), hairiness (-), Count Strength Product (CSP) were tested through Uster Evenness Tester 5 and Ele Stretch XT tester accordingly and compared them. Power consumption was measured by TRINITY (NF29) energy meter. It was found from the analysis of all test results that adapter of 58 mm performed the best; 68 mm made from nylon fibre the better among three along with cost savings is also possible in using nylon adapter.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Hollow Concrete Blocks Containing Steel and Nylon Fibres

An attempt has been made in this paper to study the effect on the mechanical properties of the concrete and hollow concrete block when different types of fibres were added to the mix. The two different types of fibres added include Steel fibres with hooked end and of length 60mm at five different fibre ratios of 2.5%, 2.75%, 3.0%, 3.25% and 3.5% and Nylon fibres having a length of 18mm at the content of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25% and 1.50%. The concept of fibre hybridization was also analyzed and the effect was studied by preparing concrete mix with various percentage combinations of steel and nylon fibres at a total fibre ratio of 3% by weight of cement. The investigation focused on finding the optimum values of fibres to be added and also carried out the compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete with and without fibres. The compressive strength of hollow concrete blocks made with and without fibres was also analyzed. The samples of concrete and hollow concrete blocks were cast and immersed in water for a curing period of 28 days. The results on strength of fibre added concrete and hollow concrete block obtained was compared with the control mix result and the study concludes that the steel fibre and nylon fibre added concrete and hollow concrete block showed an improvement in the mechanical properties for each fibre ratio considered. Out of the various combinations of steel and nylon fibre tried, the best compressive strength improvement was exhibited by the concrete mix with 3% of the steel fibre without any addition of nylon fibres while the best tensile strength improvement was shown by the concrete mix with 2.25% of steel fibre and 0.75% of nylon fibre.

Fibre behaviour in the spunbonding process. Part I: Characterisation of air flow and fibre motion in the diffuser

The random fibre oscillatory behaviour induced by turbulence in the diffuser of an industrial spunbonding rig is measured experimentally. The turbulent air flow is firstly characterised by constant temperature hot-wire anemometry: averaged flow quantities, such as the mean velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy, as well as time dependent quantities, such as the integral time and the energy spectrum, are measured. The influence of the turbulent flow on the dynamics of a nylon fibre of diameter 200 µm and a spunbonding fibre of diameter 18 µm in the diffuser is then investigated by extracting the transverse displacement from images acquired by a digital camera.