RESOLUSI KONFLIK NELAYAN DI PERAIRAN TERITORIAL KABUPATEN KOTABARU

Penelitian ini bertujuan: Mengetahui Tipologi konflik, Mengembangkan resolusi konflik dan memetakan kelembagaan resolusi konflik. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus. Data bersumber pada data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan metode snowballing melalui key informan. Data sekunder dikumpulkan berdasarkan dokumen-dokumen di masa lalu serta klipping surat kabar. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, spot mapping, times line. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Konflik nelayan pada kasus pembagian daerah penangkapan ikan merupakan tipologi yuridiksi perikanan, nelayan masih menganut pola pemmbagian zona daerah penangkapan tradisional. Konflik nelayan pada kasus perbedaan alat tangkap tradisional dan modifikasi termasuk tipologi alokasi internal dan mekanisme pengelolaan. Masalah lainnya adalah adanya perbedaan posisi, kebutuhan, kepentingan, pandangan dan konteks dikalangan nelayan dalam posisi yang sama. (2) Resolusi konflik lampara dasar diselesaikan dengan cara negosiasi secara kekeluargaan, tidak ada kesepakatan tertulis. Resolusi konflik dapat juga terjadi secara avoidance yang berhenti dengan sendirinya berdasarkan kesadaran masing-masing. (3) Lembaga yang terlibat dalam penyelesaian konflik yaitu DKP Kalsel, DKP Kotabaru, INSAN, TNI AL, Polair, Polres/Polsek, WALHI, DPRD, POKMASWAS. Diperlukan teknologi komunikasi informasi yang dapat diterima dengan cepat agar konflik dapat terdeteksi sedini mungkinThe objectives of this study are: finding out the typology of conflict, develop conflict resolution and mapping the institutional conflict resolution. The study used case study method. Data is sourced from primary and secondary data. Primary data collection is done by observation and snowballing method through key informant. Secondary data are collected based on past documents and newspaper clippings. Data were analyzed descriptively, spot mapping and times line. The results of the research show (1) Fisherman conflicts in the case of division of fishing areas is a typology of fishery jurisdiction in which fishermen still adhere to the traditional zone pattern of fishing areas. Conflicts in traditional fishing gear warfare cases and modifications was part of the internal allocation typology and management mechanisms. Other sources of conflict were different positions, needs, interests, views and context among fishermen in the same position. (2) Conflict resolution due to the use of lampara dasar (mini trawl) is settled by means of a familial negotiation, no written agreement. Avoidance is another Conflict resolution, based on their respective awareness. (3) Institutions involved in conflict resolution are DKP Kalsel, DKP Kotabaru, INSAN, TNI AL, Polair, Polres / Polsek, WALHI, DPRD, POKMASWAS. There is a need for information communications technology that can be received quickly so that the conflict can be detected as early as possible.

Methods and uncertainty estimations of 3-D structural modelling in crystalline rocks: a case study

Exhumed basement rocks are often dissected by faults, the latter controlling physical parameters such as rock strength, porosity, or permeability. Knowledge on the three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of the fault pattern and its continuation with depth is therefore of paramount importance for applied geology projects (e.g. tunnelling, nuclear waste disposal) in crystalline bedrock. The central Aar massif (Central Switzerland) serves as a study area where we investigate the 3-D geometry of the Alpine fault pattern by means of both surface (fieldwork and remote sensing) and underground ground (mapping of the Grimsel Test Site) information. The fault zone pattern consists of planar steep major faults (kilometre scale) interconnected with secondary relay faults (hectometre scale). Starting with surface data, we present a workflow for structural 3-D modelling of the primary faults based on a comparison of three extrapolation approaches based on (a) field data, (b) Delaunay triangulation, and (c) a best-fitting moment of inertia analysis. The quality of these surface-data-based 3-D models is then tested with respect to the fit of the predictions with the underground appearance of faults. All three extrapolation approaches result in a close fit ( > 10 %) when compared with underground rock laboratory mapping. Subsequently, we performed a statistical interpolation based on Bayesian inference in order to validate and further constrain the uncertainty of the extrapolation approaches. This comparison indicates that fieldwork at the surface is key for accurately constraining the geometry of the fault pattern and enabling a proper extrapolation of major faults towards depth. Considerable uncertainties, however, persist with respect to smaller-sized secondary structures because of their limited spatial extensions and unknown reoccurrence intervals.

Methods and uncertainty-estimations of 3D structural modelling in crystalline rocks: A case study

Exhumed basement rocks are often dissected by faults, the latter controlling physical parameters such as rock strength, porosity, or permeability. Knowledge on the three dimensional (3D) geometry of the fault pattern and its continuation with depth is therefore of paramount importance for projects of applied geology (e.g. tunnelling, nuclear waste disposals) in crystalline bedrock. The central Aar massif (Central Switzerland) serves as study area, where we investigate the 3D geometry of the Alpine fault pattern by means of both surface (fieldwork and remote sensing) and underground ground (mapping of the Grimsel Test Site) information. The fault zone pattern consists of planar steep major faults (kilometre-scale) being interconnected with secondary relay faults (hectometre-scale). Starting with surface data, we present a workflow for structural 3D modelling of the primary faults based on a comparison of three extrapolation approaches based on: a) field data, b) Delaunay triangulation and c) a best fitting moment of inertia analysis. The quality of these surface-data-based-3D models is then tested with respect to the fit of the predictions with the underground appearance of faults. All three extrapolation approaches result in

Lichens of Sokółka (Podlasie, NE Poland) as indicators of the state of air pollution / Porosty Sokółki (Podlasie, Polska NE) jako wskaźniki zanieczyszczenia powietrza

Monitoring of lichens as bioindicators of air pollution has been conducted in Sokółka. On the basis of the occurrence of indicator epiphytic and epilithic lichen species, the scale of lichen sensitivity for the city has been developed and lichen zones have been designated. The zone pattern was not of insular character, and as a result there was no “total lichen desert”. The distribution of lichen zones reflects the intensity of anthropogenic pressure within the town. The least favourable conditions for lichen growth have been recorded in the town centre, while the green areas have shown the most beneficial impact on the lichen test sites

The Study of Age-Related Variability of Pigmentation Patterns of the Shells of Dreissena Polymorpha (Bivalvia, Dreissenidae) from Different Parts of It's Range

The Study of Age-Related Variability of Pigmentation Patterns of the Shells Dreissena polymorpha (Bivavia, Dreissenidae) from Different Parts of it's Range. Pavlova, V. V. - Traditionally, shells of Dreissena polymorpha Pallas, 1771 mussels are studied as a whole by the investigation of population variability of coloration. However, shell surface is divided into zones by the lines of growth delay called annual rings, and mussel shell coloration is an array of patterns in the consequent age zones. In the present paper traditional term “pattern type” is expanded by its relation to definite shell zone; pattern types change along with annual ring formation. Th e pattern is considered not as a holistic feature but rather a sequence of states realized during the mussel’s growth. Frequencies of some pattern types showed to be age dependent. Geographic variability of pattern sequences was found. High diversity of pattern sequences’ arrays observed in populations may reflect wide adaptation potential of zebra mussels.

On the Correspondence between Short- and Long-Time-Scale Systematic Errors in CAM4/CAM5 for the Year of Tropical Convection

The correspondence between short- and long-time-scale systematic errors in the Community Atmospheric Model, version 4 (CAM4) and version 5 (CAM5), is systematically examined. The analysis is based on the annual-mean data constructed from long-term “free running” simulations and short-range hindcasts. The hindcasts are initialized every day with the ECMWF analysis for the Year(s) of Tropical Convection. It has been found that most systematic errors, particularly those associated with moist processes, are apparent in day 2 hindcasts. These errors steadily grow with the hindcast lead time and typically saturate after five days with amplitudes comparable to the climate errors. Examples include the excessive precipitation in much of the tropics and the overestimate of net shortwave absorbed radiation in the stratocumulus cloud decks over the eastern subtropical oceans and the Southern Ocean at about 60°S. This suggests that these errors are likely the result of model parameterization errors as the large-scale flow remains close to observed in the first few days of the hindcasts. In contrast, other climate errors are present in the hindcasts, but with amplitudes that are significantly smaller than and do not approach their climate errors during the 6-day hindcasts. These include the cold biases in the lower stratosphere, the unrealistic double–intertropical convergence zone pattern in the simulated precipitation, and an annular mode bias in extratropical sea level pressure. This indicates that these biases could be related to slower processes such as radiative and chemical processes, which are important in the lower stratosphere, or the result of poor interactions of the parameterized physics with the large-scale flow.

Evaluation of Microstructure on SiCp/AZ91 Magnesium Composite Fabricated by Rotation-Cylinder Method

Eco-friendly development and on-going research strategy of Rotation-Cylinder Method (RCM) is given for SiCp/AZ91 Mg composites, identifying some of the key factors that need to be controlled and indicating subsequent casting processes. RCM produces U-shaped laminar melt surface with a Rankine vortex even at high rotation speed in an ambient atmosphere, which allows quick and efficient incorporation and homogeneous distribution of SiC particulates into molten Mg alloys. Therefore, sound SiCp/AZ91 Mg composites can be manufactured in conjunction with subsequent casting processes, such as investment casting and thixocasting. A transmission electron microscopy study showed that the interfacial reaction products consist of Mg2Si, MgO, Mg17Al12 and Al6Mn, which were analyzed using primitive cell volume and zero order Laue zone pattern and single convergent beam electron diffraction pattern containing higher order Laue zone ring from a nanosized region.