Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Teknik Think Pair Square (TPS) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas XII IPS 2 SMA Negeri 1 Bangko Kabupaten Rokan Hilir

This study aims to provide an overview that the application of the Think Pair and Square (TPSq) Cooperative Learning Model can improve student learning at probabilities subject in Class XII IPS2 SMAN 1 BANGKO Rokan downstream. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) which is carried out in 2 cycles. For learning outcomes in the first cycle, 37.5% of students reached the KKM and in the second cycle, 54.2% of students reached the KKM. The basic score of students who reach the KKM is 29.2%. The basic score in this study is the daily test score on the previous subject, namely statistics. The conclusion obtained from this study is that the application of the Think Pair Square Cooperative Learning Model can improve student learning outcomes.

El papel de las ideas en la calidad de las instituciones

The relevance of institutional quality to progress has been widely accepted in academia where we can find a growing number of studies focusing on the positive effects a better quality generates. Some of these effects include a higher per capita GDP, a larger volume of investments and innovation, better environmental quality and a higher standard of living. Nevertheless, the present article, aims at considering a logically previous subject, which is not just the consequences of good institutions but its causes. Particularly, we try to respond to the following question: If institutional quality is so important for progress in society, what determines that some have achieved a better than others? The search for an answer will lead us to consider the role of ideas in the institutions that evolve in specific societies. Key words: Institutions, Ideas, Institutional Change, Origin of Institutions, Theories on Institutional Change. JEL Classification: P51, P52.

Proses Berpikir Mahasiswa Program Studi Matematika IAIN Bukittinggi dalam Memecahkan Masalah Geometri Ditinjau dari Perbedaan Gender

<p><em>This study aims to describe the thinking process of students in solving geometry problems in terms of gender. This research is qualitative-descriptive. The subject of this research is the Semester V student of Bukittinggi IAIN Mathematics Education. The instruments used are tests and interviews. the thinking process of Bukittinggi IAIN PMTK students in geometry problem solving tends to be different in the stages of processing information on men and women. In planning and resolving problems in female subjects more analytical in completing compared to male subjects. But the subject of men is </em><em>more</em><em> able to describe the problem. Male subjects can see with a different perspective. But this depends on the questions given and the understanding of concepts and experiences that have existed in the previous subject related to the questions given</em><em></em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses berpikir mahasiswa laki laki dan perempuan dalam memecahkan masalah geometri. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif-deskriptif. Subjek pada penilitian ini adalah satu mahasiswa laki laki dan satu mahasiswa perempuan Pendidikan Matematika IAIN Bukittinggi yang memiliki kemampuan matematika yang setara dan komunikatif. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes pemecahan masalah geometri dan wawancara. Proses berpikir mahasiswa dalam memecahan masalah geometri cenderung berbeda pada tahapan mengolah informasi pada laki laki dan perempuan. Dalam merencanakan dan menyelesaikan masalah pada subjek perempuan lebih analitis dalam menyelesaikan dibandingkan dengan subjek laki laki. Namun subjek laki laki lebih bisa menggambarkan dan mengabstrakkan permasalahan. Subjek laki laki bisa melihat dengan sudut pandang yang berbeda. Namun hal ini tergantung pada soal yang diberikan serta pemahaman konsep dan pengalaman yang telah ada pada subjek sebelumnya terkait soal yang diberikan.</p>

Interactions of encoding and decoding problems to understand motor control

Learning a map from movement to neural data (Encoding Problem) and vice versa (Decoding Problem) are crucial to understanding motor control. A principled encoding model that understands underlying neural dynamics can help better solve the decoding problem. Here, we develop a new generative encoding model leveraging deep learning that autonomously captures neural dynamics. After training, the model can synthesize spike trains given any observed kinematics, under the guidance of the learned neural dynamics. When neural data from other sessions or subjects are limited, synthesized spike trains can improve cross-session and cross-subject decoding performance of a Brain Computer Interface decoder. For cross-subject, even with ample data for both subjects, neural dynamics learned from a previous subject can transfer useful knowledge that improves the best achievable decoding performance for the new subject. The approach is general and fully data-driven, and hence could apply to neuroscience encoding and decoding problems beyond motor control.

TINGKAT KREATIVITAS SLOW LEARNERS DALAM MEMECAHKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA

The heterogeneity of students in Indonesia is a challenge for teachers today. Creativity is not only for students with high mathematical abilities, but also introduced to students who are in the slow learner category. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that aims to describe the level of creativity of the slow learner, and to describe how to develop creative thinking skills for slow learners. The subjects in this study from one of the schools in Yogyakarta whose students were included in the slow learner category. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection had been done by giving problems solving to subjects, then interviewing them to clarify the answers that have been written. Data analysis had been stopped on the third subject because the data from the third subject was no difference with data from the previous subject. The results of this study indicate that slow learners are not able to show the three indicators of creativity in solving mathematical problems (fluency, flexibility, and novelty), so that the slow learners are classified as creative thinking skills level 0 or included in not creative students. Other findings indicate that one subject indicated being able to show one indicator of creativity, namely fluency, so that subject classified as level 1 (almost not creative).

Grammatical and pragmatic factors in the interpretation of Japanese null and overt pronouns

Pronoun interpretation in English has been demonstrated to be sensitive to an interaction between grammatical and pragmatically driven factors. This study investigated the interpretation of pronouns in Japanese, which has both null and overt forms. Thirty-two native speakers of Japanese per experiment participated in passage completion studies with transfer-of-possession contexts (Experiment 1) or implicit causality contexts (Experiment 2), varying prompt type, aspect, and topic/nominative-marking of the previous subject. Two judges annotated reference and coherence relations in the completed passages. Japanese overt pronouns were revealed to pattern closely with English overt pronouns in their sensitivity to pragmatic factors, whereas null pronouns showed a mixed resilience to pragmatic factors. Topic-marking only showed marginal effects on reference in limited contexts. Despite different degrees of sensitivity to pragmatic factors, Japanese null and overt pronouns were both mostly subject-biased, casting doubt on the existence of a division of labor between the two forms. There was also an intrinsic link between reference and coherence relations throughout the experiments. We discuss the overall results in terms of language specificity and universality, the latter of which includes interactions between grammatical and pragmatic factors and the importance of discourse coherence in the interpretation of various pronouns across languages.

Application of Clays in Composition of Asphaltic Masses

The inclusion of alternative materials in the composition of asphaltic masses aims to solve the problems arising from the disposal, in the environment, of industrial waste discarded; however, to ensure that such inclusion doesn't damage the characteristics and properties of the asphaltic mass, it is necessary that the mixtures, composed by mineral aggregates, PAC and filler, are previously submitted to the standardized essay. It is known that the filler is mainly responsible for the absorption of the PAC and that, the greater the amount of the PAC utilized on the asphaltic mass, the bigger the costs. Thus the characteristics of the filler, as well the rate of packing of the constituents of the asphaltic mass affects directly the cost and properties of the final product. Given the previous subject, in this work it was aimed to study the effect of the addition of low plasticity clay and peat in the final properties of the asphaltic masses.