The Perirhinal Cortex Engages in Area and Layer-Specific Encoding of Item Dimensions

The perirhinal cortex (PRC), subdivided into areas 35 and 36, belongs to the parahippocampal regions that provide polysensory input to the hippocampus. Efferent and afferent connections along its rostro-caudal axis, and of areas 35 and 36, are extremely diverse. Correspondingly functional tasks in which the PRC participates are manifold. The PRC engages, for example, in sensory information processing, object recognition, and attentional processes. It was previously reported that layer II of the caudal area 35 may be critically involved in the encoding of large-scale objects. In the present study we aimed to disambiguate the roles of the different PRC layers, along with areas 35 and 36, and the rostro-caudal compartments of the PRC, in processing information about objects of different dimensions. Here, we compared effects on information encoding triggered by learning about subtle and discretely visible (microscale) object information and overt, highly visible landmark (macroscale) information. To this end, nuclear expression of the immediate early gene Arc was evaluated using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Increased nuclear Arc expression occurred in layers III and V-VI of the middle and caudal parts of area 35 in response to both novel microscale and macroscale object exposure. By contrast, a significant increase in Arc expression occurred in area 36 only in response to microscale objects. These results indicate that area 36 is specifically involved in the encoding of small and less prominently visible items. In contrast, area 35 engages globally (layer III to VI) in the encoding of object information independent of item dimensions.

Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions as a Driver of Social Oriented Innovations

Higher education institutions have in the digital transformation an opportunity to facilitate access to education for individuals of different social backgrounds. At the same time, it will provide them with the necessary tools and skills to face current global problems (poverty, health quality, income disparities, environmental crises, among others) from a transdisciplinary perspective. Progress in the digitalization of higher education has been significantly accelerated by the onset of a pandemics in early 2020 (in European conditions). Such a rapid and massive transition to distance (online) education with comprehensive support for digital technologies is unparalleled. The survey conducted reflects the consequences of this change. Results shows that digital transformation improves some of the most demanded skills in the new knowledge society (searching and processing information, digital communication and socialization or working with text). Likewise, it has an important role in reducing costs related to education, but also in degradation of abilities in personal communication.

MENTAL HEALTH ACCESS BACKGROUND AND FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVEMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Mental Health consists of a wide range of conditions affecting an individual’s behavior, mood, and thinking. A gap between providers and consumers exists due to the lack of resources available for online mental health access. Research shows limited information available for processing information and pursuing professional services to become healthy. The purpose of this literature review is to provide framework that contributes to Mental Health online access and improving digital therapy. Suggested approaches listed in addition to graphics that summarize the problem space and provide potential solutions.

Semantic Interoperability in Internet of Things

The industry's internet of things (IoT) applications have drawn significant research attention in recent decades. IoT is a technology in which intelligent objects with sensors-enabled RFID tags, actuators, and processors communicate information to cater to a meaningful purpose in the industry. This way, IoT technology aims to simplify the distributed data collection in industrial practice, sharing and processing information and knowledge across many collaborating partners using suitable enterprise information systems. This chapter describes new methods with grounded knowledge representation techniques to address the needs of formal information modeling and reasoning for web-based services. The chapter presents a framework, apparel business decentralized data integration (ABDDI), which uses knowledge representation methods and formal languages (e.g., description logics – DLs) to annotate necessary business activities. This type of web service requires increased interoperability in service management operations.

Processing and model design of the gamma oscillation activity based on FitzHugh-Nagumo model and its interaction with slow rhythms in the brain

The brain is processing information 24 hours a day. There are millions of processes proceeding in it accompanied by various spectra of rhythms. This paper tests the hypothesis that the slow delta rhythm excites the gamma rhythm oscillations. Unlike other papers, we determine the slow rhythm spectrum not at the hypothesis stage but during the experiment. We design algorithms of filtering, envelope extraction, and correlation coefficient calculation for signal processing. Moreover, we examine the data on all electroencephalogram channels, which allows us to make a more reasonable conclusion. We confirm that a slow delta rhythm excites a fast gamma rhythm with an amplitude-phase type of interaction and calculate a delay between these two signals equal to about half a second.

Relational Database for Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios

Frequency-dependent horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) of Fourier amplitudes from three-component recordings can provide useful information for site response modeling. However, such information is not incorporated into most ground-motion models, including those from Next-Generation Attenuation projects, which instead use the time-averaged shear-wave velocity (VS) in the upper 30 m of the site and sediment depth terms. To facilitate utilization of HVSR, we developed a publicly accessible relational database. This database is adapted from a similar repository for VS data and provides microtremor-based HVSR data (mHVSR) and supporting metadata, but not parameters derived from the data. Users can interact with the data directly within a web portal that contains a graphical user interface (GUI) or through external tools that perform cloud-based computations. Within the database GUI, the median horizontal-component mHVSR can be plotted against frequency, with the mean and mean ± one standard deviation (representing variability across time windows) provided. Using external interactive tools (provided as a Jupyter Notebook and an R script), users can replot mHVSR (as in the database) or create polar plots. These tools can also derive parameters of potential interest for modeling purposes, including a binary variable indicating whether an mHVSR plot contains peaks, as well as the fitted properties of those peaks (frequencies, amplitudes, and widths). Metadata are also accessible, which includes site location, details about the instruments used to make the measurements, and data processing information related to windowing, antitrigger routines, and filtering.

Internet i media mobilne w procesie studiowania – ocena wybranych aspektów kompetencji informacyjnych studentów

Nowadays, the Internet has become one of the fundamental elements of functioning in society, also for pupils and students. Using the Internet requires specific skills related to obtaining and processing information. These are known as information literacy. They imply not only the ability to find the necessary information, but also to select reliable information that will meet the information needs of an individual. The article presents the results of research aimed at analyzing the process of using network information resources in the opinion of students. The results of the research made it possible to initially recognize and assess selected aspects of information competences in the studied group. Despite the perceived benefits and not imagining functioning without the Internet, the students showed a quite critical attitude in assessing the reliability of information obtained from the Internet.

The combination of artistic and technical techniques in creating decorative elements of the interior

The methods of interior decoration are not only technologies that contribute to the uniqueness and completeness of the conceptual idea of the interior, but also a number of constructive, technological, emotional, psychological and even marketing tasks that must be solved by design methods, and in particular by methods of interior decoration. In this regard, the objects of study are the principles of perception of space, factors that stimulate the study of the architectural environment, ways of recognizing it as an element belonging to a particular object and corresponding to the image of the architectural object. Any interior is a kind of method of communication between an object and a person, it is achieved in various ways that the author – designer models at the stage of project work. In this article, the university is considered as an object and, in order to form the necessary artistic image, the possibilities of synthesizing materials capable of revealing the designer's conceptual idea in an art object are considered. Purpose – in this connection, the goal was set to reveal the technological and artistic features of various objects, in which the combination of different materials makes it possible to convincingly interpret the artistic and figurative tasks of the interior. To implement the research tasks, structural and logical methods were used, which made it possible to conduct experiments at various stages of collecting and processing information and classify various data in the author's tables, diagrams and clusters, which are given in this article. In addition, the article considers the university as a real object of design, and the data formulated in the article can be used in the future as methodological material for the formation of the concept of the artistic image of such educational institutions. The result of this study was the classification of decorative materials used in interior design, analysis and comparative characteristics of various objects that allow analyzing the psycho-emotional aspects of various combinations of materials and their significance for the formation of the artistic image of the interior.

On some aspects of R&D monitoring of R&D and technological works of military and dual-use character: between security and science

The article analyzes the role and importance of monitoring research, development and technological works of military and dual-use character performed by organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. The problems related to the process of collecting and processing information are considered. The ways of increasing the effectiveness of monitoring, aimed primarily at ensuring the security of the state and the development of its scientific, engineering and technological potential, are proposed.

Automation of plant care processes based on machine vision technology

This paper presents the results of developments for a robotic agrotechnical complex capable of performing work in the open ground and in greenhouse conditions. Algorithmic solutions and the developed software in the development under consideration include separate blocks that implement the necessary functional options for data collection and analysis of the mineral and biological composition of the soil substrate, its humidity, electrical conductivity and temperature, for data collection and analysis of crop morbidity and vegetation progress. The software and hardware complex using a mobile self-propelled base with sufficient controls and sensors allows processing information on the targeted application of fertilizers and preparations, mechanical removal of weed flora, including in adverse weather conditions, when the introduction of drugs is not feasible, and manual weeding is economically and physically impossible.