Dynamics of the Exponential Population Growth System with Mixed Fractional Brownian Motion

This paper examines the dynamics of the exponential population growth system with mixed fractional Brownian motion. First, we establish some useful lemmas that provide powerful tools for studying the stochastic differential equations with mixed fractional Brownian motion. We offer some explicit expressions and numerical characteristics such as mathematical expectation and variance of the solutions of the exponential population growth system with mixed fractional Brownian motion. Second, we propose two sufficient and necessary conditions for the almost sure exponential stability and the k th moment exponential stability of the solution of the constant coefficient exponential population growth system with mixed fractional Brownian motion. Furthermore, we conduct some large deviation analysis of this mixed fractional population growth system. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to investigate how the Hurst index affects the exponential stability and large deviations in the biological population system. It is interesting that the phenomenon of large deviations always occurs for addressed system when 1 / 2 < H < 1 . Moreover, several numerical simulations are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Ecological experience in Aotearoa's deathscapes.

<p><b>Death is a land-use issue and therefore a landscape issue. This design-led research explores reshaping the way we experience death through our engagement with it ecologically and socially. </b></p> <p>Globally and in Aotearoa, exponential population growth and death has increased pressures of urbanisation on cemeteries and the lands’ capacity for burial. Aotearoa’s young colonial history means the majority of our dead lie in a mono-functional, socially and ecologically vacant lawn-cemetery typology from Europe. These prevailing cemeteries hide death by sanitising the visceral qualities of landscapes above ground, whilst poisoning them below. </p> <p>Karori Cemetery in Wellington will reach full capacity in less than five years, with others in New Zealand following close behind. This research will explore Te Ahumairangi in the Wellington Town Belt as the site of a new forested public space cemetery. Existing landscape conditions have the potential to be interwoven with alternative burial methods that can allow for a greater frequency of burial in an urban environment constrained for burial space. </p> <p>The thesis proposes that reinterpretation is needed in making Aotearoa’s South Pacific deathscapes unique. The end-of-life methods of natural burial, aquamation and cremation can be explored for their potential to address capacity pressures, pollutants and the negative impacts of lawnscape cemeteries on the landscape. It explores how designing the process of these burial methods in the landscape has the potential to alter experiential, ecological, social and sacred richness of death spaces. </p> <p>The research sheds light on these considerations, findings and underexplored relationships, through a type of ecological-experience fieldwork to counter current practice. The uncovered range of potentials in landscapes of death can be tapped to catalyse the discipline of landscape architecture and cemetery planning into action.</p>

Ecological experience in Aotearoa's deathscapes.

<p><b>Death is a land-use issue and therefore a landscape issue. This design-led research explores reshaping the way we experience death through our engagement with it ecologically and socially. </b></p> <p>Globally and in Aotearoa, exponential population growth and death has increased pressures of urbanisation on cemeteries and the lands’ capacity for burial. Aotearoa’s young colonial history means the majority of our dead lie in a mono-functional, socially and ecologically vacant lawn-cemetery typology from Europe. These prevailing cemeteries hide death by sanitising the visceral qualities of landscapes above ground, whilst poisoning them below. </p> <p>Karori Cemetery in Wellington will reach full capacity in less than five years, with others in New Zealand following close behind. This research will explore Te Ahumairangi in the Wellington Town Belt as the site of a new forested public space cemetery. Existing landscape conditions have the potential to be interwoven with alternative burial methods that can allow for a greater frequency of burial in an urban environment constrained for burial space. </p> <p>The thesis proposes that reinterpretation is needed in making Aotearoa’s South Pacific deathscapes unique. The end-of-life methods of natural burial, aquamation and cremation can be explored for their potential to address capacity pressures, pollutants and the negative impacts of lawnscape cemeteries on the landscape. It explores how designing the process of these burial methods in the landscape has the potential to alter experiential, ecological, social and sacred richness of death spaces. </p> <p>The research sheds light on these considerations, findings and underexplored relationships, through a type of ecological-experience fieldwork to counter current practice. The uncovered range of potentials in landscapes of death can be tapped to catalyse the discipline of landscape architecture and cemetery planning into action.</p>

Ecology and Society. Impacted Ecosystems. Part I

The Earth has existed for more than four billion years and has sustained life for three billion. Human beings have existed for just 200,000 years, yet our impact on the planet is so great that scientists around the world are calling for our period in the Earth’s history to be named ‘the Anthropocene’ - the age of humans. The changes we are now making have exacted a heavy toll on the natural world around us, and now threaten the planet’s ability to provide for us all. Problems of Ecology and Society in the new geological era as the Anthropocene - ‘the age of humans’ - are overviewed. The name is widely recognized as a useful classification of the period in which human activity has created and continues to generate deep and lasting effects on the Earth and its living systems. Examples of the interrelated effects of exponential population growth and massively expanding consumption of natural resources called Great Acceleration are given. Updated ‘planetary dashboard’ of environmental, economic and social indicators charts the trajectory of the Anthropocene are briefly summarized.

Livestock

The exponential population growth rate is increasingly straining the supply of food and resources. Meat is a key component in the diet of many global cultures. The increase in demand for meat has shifted production from small farms and ranches to large corporate livestock production facilities. The complexity of the livestock industry and production processes has increased the need to manage the financial risk associated with raising the various types of livestock, such as feeder cattle, live cattle, and lean hogs, and the processing, packaging, and distribution of livestock products. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange has created an array of financial futures and options to assist livestock producers and processors with their price risk management needs.