Seed Composition Survey of a Peanut CSSL Population Reveals Introgression Lines with Elevated Oleic/Linoleic Profiles

ABSTRACT The peanut CSSL population represents one of the ways that interspecific hybridization has been used to introduce genetic variation into cultivated peanut. The lines were developed by crossing Fleur 11, a farmer preferred spanish cultivar from West Africa with a synthetic allotetraploid. The latter was developed by crossing A. duranensis to A. ipaensis and tetraploidizing the resultant hybrid. Subsequent selection with genetic markers resulted in a population comprising lines with small chromosome segments from the wild in a cultivated peanut background. The objective of this study was to characterize the protein, total oil, fatty acid and sugar profiles of the population. The results indicated that the values of Fleur 11 for all the traits analyzed were within the normal range expected in peanut. Since the population had a uniform genetic background derived from Fleur 11, the profiles for a majority of the lines were comparable to Fleur 11. However, three lines (CSSL 84, CSSL 100 and CSSL 111) were found to have elevated oleic acid and reduced linoleic and palmitic acid relative to Fleur 11. The oleic to linoleic acid ratios (O/L) for these lines were 118, 104 and 97% greater than that of Fleur 11, respectively. While the increased values are still considered to be within the normal oleic acid range, the effect of introgressions on these lines represent the possibility of discovering new sources of high O/L polymorphisms. Such polymorphisms have the potential for use in further improving peanut oil quality.

P1683Optimal serum uric acid levels for hypertension: 5-year cohort study

Background Although hyperuricemia is known as a risk factor for hypertension, the optimal range of serum uric acid (SUA) for preventing hypertension has not been established, especially in a healthy population. Methods This is a 5-year cohort study to clarify the optimal SUA for hypertension. Subjects consisted of Japanese adults between 30 and 85 years of age were enrolled in the study at our Center for Preventive Medicine, and available at enrollment (2004) and at 5-year follow-up (2009). We excluded the study subjects who were hypertensive, diabetic, dyslipidemic, had a history of gout or hyperuricemia on medications, or if they had chronic kidney disease as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73m2. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between each 1 mg/dL of serum uric acid range and development of hypertension with multiple adjustments for age, smoking, drinking habits, body mass index and baseline systolic blood pressure. Results Of 13,070 subjects enrolled at this step, we included 6,476 subjects (46.9±10.1 years old, 34.6% men) without comorbidities. The cumulative incidences of hypertension over 5 years were 5.9% in women and 12.1% in men. The lowest cumulative incidences of hypertension were 2.6% in 2.0–3.0 mg/dL of serum uric acid in women and 6.9% in 4.0–5.0 mg/dL in men. In contrast, the highest uric acid range showed highest cumulative incidence of hypertension both in women (28.6% in 8.0–9.0 mg/dL) and men (21.0% in ≥9.0 mg/dL). Hypouricemic (<2.0 mg/dL) subjects had higher cumulative incidences of hypertension than subjects with 2.0–3.0 mg/dL of serum uric acid levels, we excluded these subjects in multivariable logistic analysis. The odds ratio of 1 mg/dL increase of serum uric acid for developing hypertension was 1.395 (95% CI, 1.182–1.648) in women and 1.139 (95% CI, 1003–1.294) in men after multiple adjustments. Conclusion The optimal serum uric acid range for preventing hypertension was 2.0–3.0 mg/dL in women and 4.0–5.0 mg/dL in men. Higher uric acid levels increase cumulative incidence of hypertension. Acknowledgement/Funding None

Kinetics of the Oxidation of Bromopyrogallol Red by Nitrite Ion in Aqueous Acidic Medium

The kinetics of the electron transfer reaction between Bromopyrogallol (BPR2-) and nitrite ion in aqueous acidic solution has been studied in the acid range 0.1 × 10-4 ≤ [H+] ≤ 2 × 10-4 mol dm-3, ionic strength 0.01 ≤ ≤ 0.18 mol dm-3 (NaCl) and T = 29 ± 1.°C. The reaction shows a first order dependence on oxidant and reductant concentration respectively. The rate of the reaction increases with increase in [H+]. Plot of k2 versus [H+] was linear with a positive intercept. The overall reaction conforms to the rate law: -d[BPR2-]/dt = (a + b[H+])[BPR2][NO2-]. The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1 (BPR2- : NO2-). Added anions had no effect on the rate of the reaction. The results of spectroscopic investigation indicate that no intermediate complex is probably formed in the course of this reaction. The reaction is believed to proceed via the outersphere mechanistic pathway.

Study on Zeta Potential of Micron-Size Tourmaline Powders

Zeta potential of micron-size tourmaline powders are studied using the laser granulometer and the Zeta potential analyzer. The result from the experiment shows, in the neutral condition, the micron-size tourmaline is negatively charged under water and Elbaite powder has the highest Zeta potential among all tested ones; the smaller the tourmaline powder is, the higher Zeta potential it has; heat-treated samples under reducing conditions have higher Zeta potential than those under oxidizing conditions by 4~5 mV; Dravites isoelectric point is 3.4, falling within the acid range.

Phase I Study of the Aurora B Kinase Inhibitor Barasertib (AZD1152) to Assess the Pharmacokinetics (PK), Metabolism and Excretion in Patients (pts) with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Abstract 2602 Background: Barasertib is a pro-drug that rapidly undergoes phosphatase-mediated cleavage in serum to release barasertib-hQPA (bara-hQPA), a highly potent and selective inhibitor of Aurora B kinase with antitumor activity in a broad range of hematological malignancies including AML (Löwenberg et al. Blood 2009;114:abst 2080; Tsuboi et al. Leuk Res 2011; doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.04.008). Methods: In this open-label, single-arm study (NCT01019161), AML pts received 1200 mg barasertib as a 7-day continuous iv infusion every 28 days. On Day 2 of Cycle 1 only, pts also received 14C-barasertib (250 μCi; 2-h infusion). Blood, urine and feces samples were collected at various time points during Cycle 1 to characterize the PK, metabolic and excretion profiles of barasertib. Results: Of the 6 pts enrolled (median age 63 years [range, 34–74]; 3 females), 5 commenced treatment and completed Cycle 1 and were therefore eligible for analysis. Of the 4 pts evaluable for disease response, 1 achieved a complete response. No new or unexpected safety findings were reported. Maximal plasma concentrations of barasertib and bara-hQPA were achieved by the first scheduled sample, taken 24 h from the start of infusion (SOI). During infusion, the mean concentration of bara-hQPA was approximately 3-fold higher than that of barasertib (Table). Following the end of infusion (EOI), plasma concentrations of barasertib fell rapidly, reaching the limit of quantification (LoQ) by 6 h after EOI, whereas bara-hQPA plasma levels declined in a triphasic manner, with low concentrations still detectable at the final sampling time point (Day 18). Bara-hQPA was extensively distributed to the tissues, with a relatively slow rate of total clearance (Table). Urine concentrations of barasertib were below LoQ at all time points. The mean urine concentrations of bara-hQPA were approximately 4–5 μg/mL during the infusion period, declining rapidly following EOI. The renal clearance (CLR) values for bara-hQPA represent approximately 10% of the total clearance of bara-hQPA from plasma. Overall, 72–82% of radioactivity was recovered, with approximately double the amount recovered in feces (mean = 51%) compared with urine (mean = 27%). The excretion of radioactivity in urine occurred predominantly within 72 h of 14C-SOI; however, there was large inter-patient variability in the rate of recovery of radioactivity in feces. Overall, the main excreta metabolites identified were: bara-hQPA (range, 13.2–33.7%), bara-hQPA N-acetic acid (range, 7.8–10.5%), bara-hQPA desfluoroaniline N-acetic acid (range, 5.1–9.5%), N-formyl or ethoxy bara-hQPA (range, 3.5–9.2%), and bara-hQPA desfluoroaniline (range, 1.6–5.5%). Desfluoroaniline metabolites made up a significantly larger proportion of the metabolites identified in excreta (∼15%) than in plasma (∼2%). The main pathways identified in human metabolism of barasertib were (i) cleavage of the phosphate group to form bara-hQPA, followed by oxidation, and (ii) loss of the fluoroaniline moiety to form bara-hQPA desfluoroaniline, followed by oxidation. Pharmacokinetics of barasertib and bara-hQPA in plasma and urine Conclusions: The PK profile of bara-hQPA is similar to previous studies using the same dosing regimen. The majority of clearance of bara-hQPA occurred via hepatic metabolic routes. This study is the first to characterize the metabolic pathway of barasertib in humans. Disclosures: Oliver: AstraZeneca: Employment. D'Souza:AstraZeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership. Pike:AstraZeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership. Stockman:AstraZeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership.

Effect of Mild Treatments on Some Physicochemical and Pasting Characteristics of Flour from Two Cocoyam Cultivars

Effect of mild treatments namely; one-step annealing (AN), partial-nixtamalization (NIX) and phenolic-admixture (VAN) on some physicochemical and pasting characteristics of flour prepared using two cocoyam cultivars was studied. Both annealing treatment and phenolic admixture resulted in high peak viscosities (PVANwhite = 322.50 RVU; PVVAN = 306.67 RVU) of samples comparative to low peak viscosity white = 227.25 RVU) of the control for white cultivar. Similarly, the peak viscosities (PV red = 310.70; PVVANred = 296.45) of samples were higher than the peak viscosity (PVred = 225.42 RVU) of the control for red cultivar. Assessment revealed positive set back viscosities (SBVAN = + 9.30 RVU; SBVAN = + 21.33 RVU) for both the varieties after annealing treatment. Partial- NIX treatment showed molecular depolymerization. Interaction of treatments at levels employed in this study showed no synergistic effect. The pH of treated and control samples were within low acid range for foods. Mild treatment could be useful for tempering cocoyam flour for preparation of bakery and similar pasta products.

Ozonation of Aromatic Compounds pH-Dependence

The ozonation of 2-nitro-p-cresol and p-toluenesulfonic acid (c = 1 mmole/l, ozone dose 10 mg O3/min l) in aqueous solution as a function of the pH-value (pH = 2,5 - 10,5) was investigated. At pH = 2,5 the reaction products of 2-nitro-p-cresol are measured quantitatively over the run of the reaction. The results show that the elimination rates for the initial compounds and the mineralization of the heterogroups increase with the pH value. On account of this result the spectrum of oxidation products is different after 90 % elimination of the initial compound as a function of pH. The values of DOC-and COD-elimination increase with increasing pH-value. Although the ozone absorption is better in the basic range one finds that 1,6 - 2,2 mg O3/mg ∆ COD are required in the basic range (pH 10), but only 1,1 mg O3/mg ∆3 COD in the acid range (pH 3).

SEQUENTIAL DEGRANULATION OF THE TWO TYPES OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE GRANULES DURING PHAGOCYTOSIS OF MICROORGANISMS

The sequential discharge of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) granules—azurophils and specifics—was investigated by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. Thus the enzyme content of PMN phagocytic vacuoles was determined at brief intervals after phagocytosis of bacteria, utilizing peroxidase as a marker enzyme for azurophil granules, and alkaline phosphatase for specifics. At 30 s, approximately half the phagocytic vacuoles were reactive for alkaline phosphatase, whereas none contained peroxidase. Peroxidase-containing vacuoles were rarely seen at 1 min, but by 3 min, vacuoles containing both enzymes were consistently present. Alkaline phosphatase was found in both small and large vacuoles, whereas peroxidase was visible only in large ones. By 10 min, very big phagocytic vacuoles containing considerable amounts of reaction product for both enzymes were evident. These observations indicate that the two types of PMN granules discharge in a sequential manner, specific granules fusing with the vacuole before azurophils. In an earlier paper, we reported that the pH of phagocytic vacuoles drops to 6.5 within 3 min and to ∼4 within 7–15 min. Substances known to be present in specific granules (alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin) function best at neutral or alkaline pH, whereas most of those contained in azurophil granules (i.e., peroxidase and the lysosomal enzymes) have pH optima in the acid range. Hence the sequence of granule discharge roughly parallels the change in pH, thereby providing optimal conditions for coordinated activity of granule contents.