Best Practices for an Equitable Clean Energy Transition: A Toolkit for U.S. States

The clean energy transition is underway, providing valuable insights for governments introducing clean energy policies. However, not all policies are equal, and some communities are excluded from the benefits of the energy transition without policies that explicitly involve them. These excluded people are members of environmental justice communities, people from low-income communities, and others who have been historically discriminated against. We propose a “clean energy equity toolkit” to promote an equitable transition for U.S. state governments presented to the leadership of the National Governors Association, where state governments share best practices. This toolkit identifies policies that help more people reap lower electricity costs, gain access to clean energy jobs, and realize other benefits like improved air quality. We recommend three policies: (1) establish a Clean Energy Equity Office, (2) develop a Clean Energy Career Advancement Program, and (3) implement a minimum resource investment requirement for clean energy projects benefiting disadvantaged communities. Though this toolkit is directed to U.S. state governments, the policies can be adapted by other interested parties and states, domestic and international.

Access Denied: How Equity Crowdfunding Platforms Use Quality Signals to Select New Ventures

Among the new ventures actively seeking funds through equity crowdfunding, only a lucky few seemingly survive the rigorous selection process imposed by equity crowdfunding platforms (ECFPs). With a conjoint experiment involving decision-makers from 50 platforms in 22 countries, this study provides first quantitative evidence regarding how ECFPs actually use quality signals to select new ventures to start fundraising campaigns. The ECFPs interpret signals differently, depending on whether they impose a co-investment requirement or generate revenues from new ventures’ long-term performance. The effectiveness of the signals also is contingent on the applicant’s industry background and the signals’ accessibility in the country where the ECFP operates.

Growth and Working of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises in India: An Overview

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is a vibrant and extensive sector of the Indian economy. It makes a significant contribution to the annual GDP, exports, and employment. In an environment of sustainable growth, economic reforms and, opening of the Indian economy. The role and importance of the MSME sector has become more significant. This sector is characterized by low investment requirement, operational flexibility, region mobility, and import substitutions. MSME Sector has been playing acrucial role in the overall economic development of a country like India and has the advantage of providing gainful employment opportunities with low investment and reduce regional disparities through the dispersal of industries into rural, semi-urban, and backward areas. This study makes an attempts to study the growth and, performance of MSMEs in terms of an increase in the number of working units, employment and investment levels in the recent past. This paper also tries to identify the problems faced by these units and the policy initiatives taken by the government.

Application of Green Technologies in Irrigation

The article presents materials which reveal the using of green technologies (renewable energy sources) at the site of the irrigation complex of agriculture. In the article an option for placing solar panels on the Prigorodny irrigation system of the Krasnodar Territory of the Russian Federation is proposed to cover the power consumption of the units of the head pumping station PS 1 23. Engineering, technical and economic calculations of design, installation, and placement of solar panels of two types with a capacity of 200 watt were carried out. According to the application of Russian solar panels, the investment requirement is 1,845 billion rubles, with a payback period of 10, 2 years. Organizational and legal tools for attracting investments in the land reclamation complex of the country's agriculture using the mechanism of public-private partnership and the infrastructure of land reclamation parks is justified.

FDI in Agriculture Sector in India with Special Reference to Academicians

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy. Nearly 70% of the society’s livelihood is dependent on agriculture and account for 19% of India’s GDP. To promote agriculture growth and to eliminate poverty, agricultural investment is mandate. National Savings is not able to meet the requirements of agricultural need for growth and development, thus global investment is inevitable to meet the investment requirement in agriculture. FDI in agriculture sector boosted up to Rs.611.28 Crore till December 2017. According to Indian scenario FDI up to 100% is allowed under the automatic route but subject to certain conditions mentioned in FDI policy. FDI in agriculture sector is inevitable factor that drives agriculture to attain sustainability through foreign investment. Foreign investment in agriculture also enables farmer to implement new techniques in farming that increase the yield and production capacity along with fund inflow. Farmers in India undergoing many turbulence because of inadequate fund, unequal distribution of subsidies, exorbitant interest rates, obsolete technology, traditional farming pattern, inadequate crop rotation, monsoon failure and natural calamities. It is remarkable evidence that FDI in agriculture remove poverty, hunger, ensure growth and development. Agriculture investment can be segregated as private or public and foreign or domestic. Many researches have shown a positive result on going ahead with FDI in many sectors. It is notable that national savings are not able to match the growing need of the economy, thus FDI is inevitable factor to promote agriculture and all other sector. This paper concentrates on the FDI inflow in Agriculture sector in India and the challenges faced by the sector in meeting the investment. Both primary and secondary data’s are used to support this study. Primary data’s are with special reference to academicians to analysis their overview of FDI in agriculture. Secondary data’s are pooled from government source and websites. This paper enable to find out the need for FDI in agriculture and how to meet the challenges faced during the critical period.

INVESTMENT PROJECTION MODEL IN INDONESIA

The achievement of economic activities in a country is measured by the economic development which is the projection of an increasing output as well as the increasing of the revenue to the owner of the production factors. Either Local Investment contribution or Foreign Investment has been an important role to reach the economic development, in order to reach it, the estimation of investment requirement either local investment or foreign one has to be done. This research aims to find out the connection between invesment and economic development, the investment projection model, and the total amount of invesment for the economic development. The research method has applied an explanatory method. The connection between economic development and investment can be analyzed by Capital Output Ratio (COR) concept. Having had the different perspectives of time, it has caused that mostly COR on average has been applied only to measure the productivity of the investment activities at a certain year, however, MCOR is used as the tool to predict the future investment’s requirement and the economic development.Key words: investment, economic development, capital output ratio

Automation Solutions in Indian Small and Tiny Manufacturing Sector: Validating an Implementation Model

The small and tiny manufacturing sector in India have missed out on the many technological advancements in the automation solutions being offered in the manufacturing sector due to various impeding factors. The impeding factors include the high initial investment requirement and the high cost of implementation thus rendering the solutions unaffordable. The small and tiny manufacturing sector with its lower potential to tap into the scale economies find themselves constrained to reap the benefits of automation. The lack of technical ongoing support and training contributed by their exorbitance and inaccessibility adds to this impedance and deters the long-term sustenance of the solution. This article attempts to elucidate a remedy that partly resolves these impeding factors by assimilating the merits of an implementation model. The model was tested out in a few projects, one of which is elaborated here. The research methodology adopted is a mix of participatory action research and agile model of implementation. The authors were actively involved as drivers of this automation solution. The article validates and offers a remedy for scenarios where the mentioned factors are relevant. Conclusively, it underlines adherence to an implementation model for the project’s successful implementation and for the sustenance of such implementations.