Assessing the Effects of Market Power on Electricity Reliability in China: Toward a Green and Reliable Market

The transition to a low-carbon power system is among the measures to forge green energy transition and carbon neutrality, where grid firms have a crucial role. In this context, this paper uses the provincial data from 2004 to 2017 to evaluate the impact of market power of grid companies on service quality in China. Panel dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) models are employed. The findings indicate that higher market power has indeed reduced reliability measured by average outage duration. Renewable energy integration also has negative effects and reduces electricity reliability. Finally, the effects are also heterogeneous across the different regions. The results may also provide useful lessons for other developing countries aiming to improve the electricity supply chain.

Techno-Economical Evaluation of Bio-Oil Production via Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Process: A Review

Biomass pyrolysis is one of the beneficial sources of the production of sustainable bio-oil. Currently, marketable bio-oil plants are scarce because of the complex operations and lower profits. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehend the relationship between technological parameters and economic practicality. This review outlines the technical and economical routine to produce bio-oils from various biomass by fast pyrolysis. Explicit pointers were compared, such as production cost, capacity, and biomass type for bio-oil production. The bio-oil production cost is crucial for evaluating the market compatibility with other biofuels available. Different pretreatments, upgrades and recycling processes influenced production costs. Using an energy integration strategy, it is possible to produce bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis. The findings of this study might lead to bio-oil industry-related research aimed at commercializing the product.

Stochastic Approach to Hosting Limit of Transmission System and Improving Method Utilizing HVDC

According to the global de-carbonization trends, renewable energy integration has become an increasingly important issue in power systems. To achieve 100% renewable energy integration and operate a system with these resources, it is necessary to appropriately evaluate the system hosting capability and prepare appropriate planning and operation strategies using the evaluation result. So far, these interests have focused particularly on distribution-level systems. However, although the hosting limit in transmission-level systems requires further consideration, previous study is limited. This study introduces the constraints on the transmission-level hosting limit. In addition, a stochastic estimation of the hosting limit methodology in the transmission system and the use of a high voltage direct current system to improve hosting capacity are proposed and evaluated. Moreover, these methodology-based simulations are conducted using possible scenarios on the IEEE 39 bus system with some constraints, and the simulation results are presented herein. The results showed that the HVDC location selection and operation using the proposed method and optimization technique is appropriate. The strategy can be used to integrate more renewable energy. Furthermore, the proposed methodology can be applied to renewable energy integration scenario establishing a plan.

Review of Research on System Thermal Inertia Modelling and Optimal Scheduling from the Perspective of Flexible Resources

The thermal inertia of the existing heating system is often considered an adverse factor, which will affect the operation of the system. However, under the perspective of resource flexibility, the thermal inertia of the system can effectively increase the flexibility of the system operation, significantly reduce the energy consumption and enhance the ability of energy supply and demand balance, and enhance the new energy integration, such as the wind power. Based on the flexible resources, it focuses on the study of the thermal inertia of the “network side” heating pipe network of the system and the optimal scheduling of the heating system. Combined with the thermal inertia of the pipe network, the operation characteristics of the power/heat output of the gas-steam combined cycle unit were analysed theoretically. On this basis, the optimal scheduling model of the system was established. Taking the energy supply system of an industrial park as an example, the model was verified to achieve a more stable power output effect of the unit.

An Improved Phase-Derived Range Method Based on High-Order Multi-Frame Track-Before-Detect for Warhead Detection

It is crucial for a ballistic missile defense system to discriminate the true warhead from decoys. Although a decoy has a similar shape to the warhead, it is believed that the true warhead can be separated by its micro-Doppler features introduced by the precession and nutation. As is well known, the accuracy of the phase-derived range method, to extract micro-Doppler curves, can reach sub-wavelength. However, it suffers from an inefficiency of energy integration and high computational costs. In this paper, a novel phase-derived range method, using high-order multi-frame track-before-detect is proposed for micro-Doppler curve extraction under a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). First, the sinusoidal micro-Doppler range sequence is treated as the state, and the dynamic model is described as a Markov chain to obtain the envelopes and then the ambiguous phases. Instead of processing the whole frames, the proposed method only processes the latest frame at an arbitrary given time, which reduces the computational costs. Then, the correlation of all pairs of adjacent pulses is calculated along the slow time dimension to find the number of cells that the point scatterer crosses, which can be further used in phase unwrapping. Finally, the phase-derived range method is employed to get the micro-Doppler curves. Simulation results show that the proposed method is capable of extracting the micro-Doppler curves with sub-wavelength accuracy, even if SNR = −15 dB, with a lower computational cost.