William Smith's 1815 map, a delineation of the strata of England and Wales: Its production, distribution, variants and survival

A new survey of surviving copies of William Smith's 1815 map, A Delineation of the Strata of England and Wales, with part of Scotland verifies the 1938 classification of the maps by Joan and Victor Eyles into five series but proposes that their unnumbered and unsigned Series V maps be divided into Series Va and Series Vb. The Series Va maps share characteristics with late Series IV maps while Series Vb maps appear to represent a possible second edition dating from the mid to late 1830s during which Smith was also working on a revised, but never issued, edition of his Memoir. While the paper for almost all copies of the main issue of Smith's map came from the Springfield Mill at Maidstone in Kent and is countermarked 1812, the copies of Series Vb maps examined are on paper made at Rye Mill near High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire in the 1830s. The new survey has confidently located about seventy surviving copies of Smith's map, and the likely location of at least thirty additional copies. It is suggested that perhaps as many as 130 to 150 copies of the map survive out of a probable original print-run of about 330 to 350.

1964: Abraham and Isaac

Stravinsky's ‘Sacred Ballad for Baritone and Chamber Orchestra’ is his only setting of Hebrew, his only work for solo voice on a religious text, and, indeed, his only ‘ballad’. Completed in 1963 and dedicated to the people of the State of Israel, it is the fifth in the late series of major religious works which began with the Canticum Sacrum of 1956. Its other predecessors are Threni (1958), A Sermon, A Narrative and A Prayer (1961), and The Flood (1962); its solitary successor is the Requiem Canticles of 1966.

Influence of Parental Food Quality on the Survival of Hyphantria cunea

Larvae of Hyphantria cunea Drury were reared on early, mid-season, and late foliage collected from the same apple trees. Survival was significantly lower on late foliage and the fecundity of the moths decreased from 604 in the early series to 128 in the late. Half the filial generation was reared under nutritional stress on a deficient synthetic diet and the other half on a very favorable host, speckled alder. Under both conditions there was a strong transmitted influence of parental food quality on the viability of the eggs and on the ability of first-instar larvae to become established on food. The progeny of the late series did not survive beyond this instar. When the filial generation was subjected to nutritional stress, the influence of parental food was apparent throughout the larval, pupal and adult stages, with progeny of the early series having higher survival than those of the mid-season series. However, when the filial generation hail very favorable food, there was no significant difference in survival rates subsequent to the larval establishment period.The quality of foliage available to univoltine populations of H. cunea depends largely on temperature. Thus, in the development of population models for this species, temperature should be treated as a variable having not only direct effects on establishment and survival each season, but also indirect effects on the quality of the progeny in the following season.

Horned Owl Cave, Wyoming

Horned Owl Cave in the northern Laramie Mountains of Wyoming has provided a wide array of normally perishable artifacts in association with pictographs. Material objects recovered from the cave include fragments of atlatls, darts, shaft feathers, arrowshafts, blunt arrows, bark, weaving, bone tools, pottery, and lithic objects. The disturbed condition of the fill of the cave prevented a controlled stratigraphy, but typologically the material falls within the Late Middle culture and the Late Prehistoric culture phases of the northern Great Plains. The pictographs have been divided into three styles: an early red-figure style, a shield-figure style, and a final and probably late series of black-figure drawings. It is suggested that the red-figure drawings were a product of the last phases of the Late Middle culture, or perhaps the early phase of the Late Prehistoric culture. The shield style and the black-figure style would seem to belong to the Late Prehistoric period.