Sianida: Klasifikasi, Toksisitas, Degradasi, Analisis (Studi Pustaka)

Tulisan ini adalah studi pustaka mengenai sianida. Sianida adalah kelompok senyawa yang mengandung gugus siano yang umumnya diklasifikasikan sebagai sianida bebas, sianida sederhana dan kompleks sianida. Ketoksikan sianida ditentukan oleh jenis dan konsentrasinya yang umumnya dilihat dari kemampuannya melepaskan ion CN‒ yang berada yang berada dalam kesetimbangan dengan HCN yang toksik. Sianida dapat terdegradasi secara anorganik maupun biodegradasi. Beberapa metode dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis sianida sebagai sianida bebas (free cyanide), amenable cyanide, CN WAD, dan total sianida.This paper is a literature review of cyanide, which is a group of compounds consist of cyano. Cyanide is classified as free cyanide, simple inorganic cyanide and complex cyanide. Toxicity of cyanide is determined by its type and concentration and usually related to its ability to release CN‒ ion which is in equilibrium with HCN, a toxic species. Cyanide is able to be degraded inorganically and biologically. Several methods have been used to analyse cyanide as free cyanide, amenable cyanide, CN WAD and total cyanide.

Complexation of intracellular cyanide by hydroxocobalamin using a human cellular model

1 The rational for administering hydroxocobalamin (OHCbl) as an antidote to cyanide poisoning is based on the high affinity ofCN ion for cobalt compounds. However, only few data are available on the influence of OHCbl on the intracellular cyanide pool. 2 In human fibroblasts incubated for 10 min with 500 μM of [14C] cyanide, the accumulation ratio was 25 at 37°C (10.45 ± 1.51 mM) and 11.9 at 4°C. 3 Using the monoblastic U-937 cell line, a rapid uptake of radioactive cyanide was observed with a maximum accumulation ratio of 1.97 at 5 min. 4 A linear relationship between cyanide uptake by U-937 cells and cyanide concentration in incubation medium (10-500 μM; 5 min) was found suggesting a first order process (k= 0.25 min-1). 5 After incubation of fibroblasts with 500 μM of OHCbl, a 75% decrease of intracellular cyanide was observed, with concomittant formation of intracellular cyanocobalamin CNCbl (intracellular/extracellular ratio: 158). 6 These findings suggest that OHCbl is able to penetrate into heavily cyanide loaded cells and to complex cyanide to the non-toxic CNCbl form.