Improving the Properties of Clay Soil by Using Literate Soil for Production of Bricks

Know a day’s utilization of local accessible materials is an important stage for sustainable, economic building material on the earth surface. Within them Brick is one of the commonly used construction material around Jimma town due to the availability of clay soil. But brick produced by small micros un-skill enterprises rather than by traditional method, its quantity was small and its quality was unsatisfactory, because it can easily break and it has high water absorbing conduct. The purpose of investigation was be to improving the properties of clay soil properties by using Literate soil for in the manufacturing of bricks for masonry units. In order to achieve this researches include, non-probability sampling techniques was be used to collect samples in Jimma area, then collected of samples prepared for different laboratory test and by partially replacing literate soil by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% on a clay soil in order to get optimum property by different mix ration for different laboratories. Test results indicated that shows that the lightweight bricks could be made from this study without any deterioration in the quality of bricks. Additionally, the compressive strength of the blocks optimum at 15% lateritic soil replace in clay soil contents. The optimum firing temperature furnace at a duration burning of brick was at 1000°C. It’s shown that bricks prepared of clay-laterite earth capable for high resisting capacity rather than for beauty. Key words: Literate soil, Brick, Clay soil, Compressive strength, Water absorption, sustainable, Density, Construction material.

Effect of type and amount of periclase and dispersing additive type on the properties of vibrocast non­cement periclase siliceous mix and samples from it

Researches have been carried out, as well as a composition and technological parameters for obtaining of vibrocast non­cement periclase siliceous mix and products based on it have been developed. The possibility of using scrap of periclase products along with fused and sintered periclase, the use of which ensures obtaining of high strength properties of samples fired at 1450 C was established. The possibility of using domestically produced powdered quartz as a silica­containing additive, and as dispersing additives: a polymer based on polyethylene glycol; a silica­containing material with a particle size of less than 2 microns and an activity index of hydrogen ions of a 10 % aqueous suspension pH = 6; a chemical phosphate binder was shown. The optimum firing temperature of products (~ 1450 C), as well as the possible application temperature of fired products ( 1580 C), were established. The vibrocast non­cement periclasesiliceous mix and samples from it are characterized, depending on the type of magnesia aggregate and dispersing additive, by the following indicators of physicochemical properties: mass. %: MgO — not less than 86 %, SiO2 — within 6—8 %, Fe2O3 — not more than 1.5 %; grain composition, mm — 6—0; cold crushing strength of samples from this mix after heat treatment at a temperature of 350 and 1450 C is 20—45 and 30—80 N/mm2, respectively; residual dimensional changes during heating (shrinkage) at a temperature of 1580 C (2 h) — not more than 1 %; refractoriness — > 1780 C. The developed vibrocast non­cement periclasesiliceous mix is recommended for vibrocast monolithic linings of high­temperature units of ferrous and non­ferrous metallurgy, cement and other industries, as well as for the manufacture of vibrocast large­sized products and products of complex configuration, both unburnt and burnt.

Improving the Properties of Clay Soil by Using Laterite Soil for Production of Bricks

Nowadays, the utilization of locally accessible materials is a crucial stage for sustainable, economical building material on the earth’s surface. Within them, brick is one of the commonly used construction materials around Jimma town due to the availability of clayed soil. Nevertheless, brick produced by small micros unskilled enterprises rather than by traditional methods, its quantity was small, and its quality was unsatisfactory because it can easily break, and it has high water-absorbing conduct. The purpose of the investigation was to improve the properties of clayed soil properties by using laterite soil for the manufacturing of bricks for masonry units. In order to achieve this, research used non-probability sampling techniques to collect samples in Jimma area. Then, the collected samples prepared for different laboratory tests and by partially replacing literate soil by 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % on a clayed soil in order to get optimum property by different mix ratio for different laboratory tests results indicated showed that the lightweight bricks could be made from the approach of this study without any deterioration in the quality of bricks.Additionally, the compressive strength of the blocks optimum at 15 % lateritic soil replaces in clayed soil contents. The optimum firing temperature furnace at a duration burning of brick was at 1000 °C for 5hrs. It has shown that bricks prepared of clay-laterite earth capable of high resisting capacity rather than for beauty.

Effect of the change of firing temperature on microstructure and physical properties of clay bricks from Beruas (Malaysia)

This study is focused on the behaviour of fired-clay brick from the area around Beruas (Malaysia) that is known for it brick industries. The firing temperatures were set from 800?C to 1250?C and soaking time was fixed for an hour. The effects of firing temperature on the phase changes, microstructure, compressive strength, water absorption and porosity of the bricks were investigated. Test results indicate that the optimum firing temperature was found to be 1200?C. The percentage of porosity significantly reduces from 39.33% to 5.87% when sintered from 1000?C to 1250?C. Bricks sintered at 1200?C exhibited the highest strength of 89.5 N/mm2. The effect of firing temperature significantly improved the microstructure in terms of porosity and the quality of physical properties of fired-clay bricks.

Studies on Backside Al-Contact Formation in Si Solar Cells: Fundamental Mechanisms

We have studied mechanisms of back-contact formation in screen-printed Si solar cells by a fire-through process. An optimum firing temperature profile leads to the formation of a P-Si/P+- Si/ Si-Al eutectic/agglomerated Al at the back contact of a Si solar cell. Variations in the interface properties were found to arise from Al-Si melt instabilities. Experiments were performed to study melt formation. We show that this process is strongly controlled by diffusion of Si into Al. During the ramp-up, a melt is initiated at the Si-Al interface, which subsequently expands into Al and Si. During the ramp-down, the melt freezes, which causes the doped region to grow epitaxially on Si, followed by solidification of the Si-Al eutectic. Any agglomerated (or sintered) Al particles are dispersed with Si. Implications on the performance of the cell are described.