Algorithm for calculating the optimum firing temperature of floor tiles

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 497-499
Author(s):  
M. G. Naidis ◽  
V. I. Kubantsev ◽  
E. I. Obukhova
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Optimum Firing ◽  
Optimum Firing Temperature

scholarly journals Effect of the change of firing temperature on microstructure and physical properties of clay bricks from Beruas (Malaysia)

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Johari ◽  
S. Said ◽  
B. Hisham ◽  
A. Bakar ◽  
Z.A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Optimum Firing ◽  
Optimum Firing Temperature

This study is focused on the behaviour of fired-clay brick from the area around Beruas (Malaysia) that is known for it brick industries. The firing temperatures were set from 800?C to 1250?C and soaking time was fixed for an hour. The effects of firing temperature on the phase changes, microstructure, compressive strength, water absorption and porosity of the bricks were investigated. Test results indicate that the optimum firing temperature was found to be 1200?C. The percentage of porosity significantly reduces from 39.33% to 5.87% when sintered from 1000?C to 1250?C. Bricks sintered at 1200?C exhibited the highest strength of 89.5 N/mm2. The effect of firing temperature significantly improved the microstructure in terms of porosity and the quality of physical properties of fired-clay bricks.

Characteristics of Wall and Floor Tiles Using Waste Glass

2006 ◽  
Vol 317-318 ◽  
pp. 755-758
Author(s):  
Young Kil Kim ◽  
Yeon Gil Jung ◽  
Jun Baek Song ◽  
Min Chul Shin ◽  
Hee Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Glass Content ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Abrasion Loss ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Clay Tiles

Wall and floor tiles were fabricated by a dry pressing method using waste glass and clay. The properties of the tiles such as absorption, bulk density, porosity, compressive strength, and abrasion loss are investigated with the firing temperature and glass content. The properties are improved with increasing both the firing temperature and glass content. These properties, except the compressive strength, tend to be saturated from the glass contents of 70 wt % in the case of 1050 . The compressive strength shows the maximum values at the glass contents of 70 wt% and then which are decreased with increasing the glass contents. The optimal properties obtained in the tiles are the water absorption of about 0.9 %, the bulk density of about 2.3 g/cm3, the apparent porosity of about 2.1 %, the compressive strength of about 210 MPa, and the abrasion loss of about 0.022 g, when the composition containing the glass of 70 wt% is fired at 1050. These results are better than the properties of commercial clay tiles, due to easy melting and densification of glassy phase in the tiles.

Preliminary Evaluation of Mukah Clay Deposits

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazman Seli ◽  
Japri Bujang ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Structural Ceramics ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Floor Tiles

Mukah clay deposits are characterized and evaluated for their potential as industrial raw materials through chemical, mineralogical and fired body (900 to 1250o C) physical properties determinations. Results show that the main oxides in the samples are SiO2 and Al2O3, whereas the other oxides present only in small quantity. Kaolinite and quartz present as dominant mineral phases and the minor phases of muscovite, nacrite, illite also appeared in the samples. From the results of the fired properties, the significant development of densification of ceramic behaviour can be noticed at the firing temperature above 1000°C. Mukah clay demonstrated that it is most suitable to be used as raw materials for making pottery, general refractory, structural ceramics, wall and floor tiles.

scholarly journals Termite Mound Soils for Sustainable Production of Bricks

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mosisa Legese ◽  
Tesfaye Geneti Kenate ◽  
Fekadu Fufa Feyessa
Keyword(s):  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Termite Mound ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Optimum Firing

Abstract The article presents the alternative use of termite mound soils (TMSs) as full replacement for clay soils in brick production. TMSs from two localities, Jawaj and Sene, in Ethiopia were investigated for bricks production. The TMSs samples contained high SiO2 and Al2O3. The TMSs bricks were fired at different temperatures from 500 to 1,000°C. The obtained mean compressive strengths (σ), 18 and 14 MPa, were observed for bricks made from TMSs from Jawaj and Sene, respectively, at the optimum firing temperature of 700°C. The σ of TMSs bricks decreased as the firing temperature increased above 700°C, while for conventional clay soil brick, the σ increased with temperature beyond 700°C. The water absorptions and saturation coefficients of fired TMSs bricks decreased with increased firing temperature. The TMSs bricks meet the standard specification of dimension tolerance only along the height. All the TMSs bricks made from the two localities were not efflorescent. TMSs from Jawaj and Sene sites can be used as a raw material to replace the long-used clay soils for bricks production as a construction material for houses construction in rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Effect of type and amount of periclase and dispersing additive type on the properties of vibrocast non­cement periclase siliceous mix and samples from it

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
V. V. Primachenko ◽  
L. A. Babkina ◽  
I. V. Khonchyk ◽  
L. N. Nikulina ◽  
A. S. Tinigin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Index ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Cold Crushing Strength ◽  
Optimum Firing ◽  
Optimum Firing Temperature

Researches have been carried out, as well as a composition and technological parameters for obtaining of vibrocast non­cement periclase siliceous mix and products based on it have been developed. The possibility of using scrap of periclase products along with fused and sintered periclase, the use of which ensures obtaining of high strength properties of samples fired at 1450  C was established. The possibility of using domestically produced powdered quartz as a silica­containing additive, and as dispersing additives: a polymer based on polyethylene glycol; a silica­containing material with a particle size of less than 2 microns and an activity index of hydrogen ions of a 10  % aqueous suspension pH = 6; a chemical phosphate binder was shown. The optimum firing temperature of products (~ 1450  C), as well as the possible application temperature of fired products ( 1580  C), were established. The vibrocast non­cement periclasesiliceous mix and samples from it are characterized, depending on the type of magnesia aggregate and dispersing additive, by the following indicators of physicochemical properties: mass.  %: MgO — not less than 86  %, SiO2 — within 6—8  %, Fe2O3 — not more than 1.5  %; grain composition, mm — 6—0; cold crushing strength of samples from this mix after heat treatment at a temperature of 350 and 1450  C is 20—45 and 30—80 N/mm2, respectively; residual dimensional changes during heating (shrinkage) at a temperature of 1580  C (2 h) — not more than 1  %; refractoriness — > 1780  C. The developed vibrocast non­cement periclasesiliceous mix is recommended for vibrocast monolithic linings of high­temperature units of ferrous and non­ferrous metallurgy, cement and other industries, as well as for the manufacture of vibrocast large­sized products and products of complex configuration, both unburnt and burnt.

Studies on Backside Al-Contact Formation in Si Solar Cells: Fundamental Mechanisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhushan Sopori ◽  
Vishal Mehta ◽  
Przemyslaw Rupnowski ◽  
Helio Moutinho ◽  
Aziz Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Interface Properties ◽  
Back Contact ◽  
Contact Formation ◽  
Si Solar Cell ◽  
Si Solar Cells ◽  
Optimum Firing ◽  
Optimum Firing Temperature

AbstractWe have studied mechanisms of back-contact formation in screen-printed Si solar cells by a fire-through process. An optimum firing temperature profile leads to the formation of a P-Si/P+- Si/ Si-Al eutectic/agglomerated Al at the back contact of a Si solar cell. Variations in the interface properties were found to arise from Al-Si melt instabilities. Experiments were performed to study melt formation. We show that this process is strongly controlled by diffusion of Si into Al. During the ramp-up, a melt is initiated at the Si-Al interface, which subsequently expands into Al and Si. During the ramp-down, the melt freezes, which causes the doped region to grow epitaxially on Si, followed by solidification of the Si-Al eutectic. Any agglomerated (or sintered) Al particles are dispersed with Si. Implications on the performance of the cell are described.

Fabrication and Properties of Wall and Floor Tiles Using Waste Glass

2005 ◽  
Vol 486-487 ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
Young Kil Kim ◽  
Yeon Gil Jung ◽  
Jin Bo Song ◽  
Min Chul Shin ◽  
Hee Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Firing Temperature ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Abrasion Loss ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Clay Tiles ◽  
Better Than

Wall and floor tiles were fabricated by a dry pressing method using waste glass and clay. The properties of the tiles such as absorption, bulk density, porosity, compressive strength, and abrasion loss were investigated with the firing temperature and glass contents. The properties were improved by increasing the firing temperature and glass contents. These properties, except the compressive strength, tended to be saturated from the glass contents of 70 wt % in the case of 1050 °C. The compressive strength showed the maximum values at the glass contents of 70 wt% and then decreased with increasing glass contents. The optimal properties obtained in the tiles were the water absorption of about 0.9 %, the bulk density of about 2.3 g/cm3, the apparent porosity of about 2.1 %, the compressive strength of about 210 MPa, and the abrasion loss of about 0.022 g, when the composition containing the glass of 70 wt% was fired at 1050°C. These results are better than the properties of commercial clay tiles for easy melting and densification of glassy phase in the tiles.

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