Representasi Re-Experiencing, Avoidance, dan Hyperarousal of Mental Health dalam Novel Lanang

Man can express the state of their souls through literary works, and Man also gain experience of their souls by reading and appreciating literary works. This paper aims to see a description of trauma symptoms related to the mental health of Lanang figures, in the Lanang Novel by Yonathan Rahardjo. The inner conflict of the characters in this novel represents the symptoms of trauma resulting in mental health disorders. It is important to know that novel readers can understand mental health issues through the appreciation of literary works. This novel study uses the contentanalysis method and literary psychoanalysis approach carried out to describe psychological problems, especially related to mental health disorders in Novel Lanang. The results of the analysis show that the symptoms of trauma can be shown through three things, namely: 1) Re-experiencing or intrusion is the reappearance of a traumatic event in the self (flashback), 2) Avoidance is an uncomfortable or painful feeling that makes him try to avoid so as not too experienced a traumatic event. 3) Hyperarousal is excessive anxiety experienced by sufferers causing him to feel in a state of being threatened or a constant danger. These three things are reflected in the character of Lanang. The description of trauma symptoms in this novel can be used as an initial experience to understand mental health issues. Literary works can also be a source of knowledge about the state of human psychology.

The case of amenorrhea with galatorrhea

A healthy, strong, very plump, married woman who did not give birth, 35 years of age, who always menstruated correctly (5 days after 4 weeks) from the age of 12, suddenly stopped for no apparent reason, and in both breasts appeared milk, which she had to express in view of the painful feeling of tension; about half a glass of milk was released from the right breast per day, and even a whole glass of milk from the left; the breasts did not noticeably increase.

Concept of “Shame”: Chekhov’s Characters

The feeling of «shame» of Chekhov’s characters does not always coincide with the one which author means. Characters in Chekhov’s stories have different reasons for the feeling. They also experience it with different intensity levels. Lexis for the concept of «shame» is rarely verbalized in the text, this emotional state is conveyed by external evidence, behaviour, perception of an environment. Besides, the author distinguishes shame from awkwardness and a state of confusion, that is why lexis which denotes the concept of «shame» is not a synonymic one, as it is always broadly interpreted. In a number of Chekhov’s characters painful feeling of shame awakes conscience, leads to the insight and broader views on a situation and himself. In Chekhov’s stories, as in ones of his classic forerunners, only a person gifted with a moral feeling can experience shame. However, before Chekhov’s works the concept of shame was not such a characteristic feature, but in his stories presence of this feeling as well as its absence is of a great importance for the character. In Chekhov’s stories the concept of «shame» correlates not with the idea of «recovery of a lost person», original sin, or idea of one’s duty, but with the idea of right or wrong overviews, feelings and acts of a character and a society.

THE PROBLEM OF FINITENESS OF HUMAN EXISTENCE IN UKRAINIAN FOLKLORE

The article analyzes the existential problems of life, death and immortality in Ukrainian folklore (based on Ukrainian fairy tales). In the corpus of Ukrainian folk tales there are widely used topics, which in European philosophy and literature are called "tragic foundations of human existence" - awareness of the inevitability of death in the earthly existence of man, the search for forms of individual immortality. In Ukrainian fairy tales there is a dual attitude of the individual to the inevitability of his own death. On the one hand, there is the motive of reconciliation with the fate of human destiny, and in order to relieve the painful feeling of one's own finitude, the instruction on the higher meaning of the existence of death is forced. Death is justified because it appears as the prevention of the absurdity of infinite human existence or as an obstacle to the debauchery of the whims and dangerous wishes of the individual, or ultimately as the punishment of people for violating the commandments of the Supreme Spiritual Creature. In other words, death appears in a number of fairy tales as the expression of the highest world justice. At the same time, death mostly appears in fairy tales as an objectified pagan idea of Death as a concrete living creature with its whims, sympathies and weaknesses. The problem of finding ways to achieve immortality is traced in Ukrainian fairy tales in two ways. Most often, this search unfolds in the plane of the victory of the hero of the fairy tale over death, or through the imprisonment of death, or through the marriage of the hero to a divine being. This is a very common motive in the tales around the world. Less common is the motive of achieving immortality through the moral self-improvement of the hero, his compliance to the moral commandments of God. This is already a reflection in fairy tales of the influence of Christianity on the spiritual world of the ancestors of modern Ukrainians.

Why Not More Comics?

Why comics? “All that it is Necessary to say … upon this subject, may be effected by affirming, what few persons will deny, that, of two descriptions, either of passions, manners, or characters, each of them equally well executed, the one in prose and the other in comics, the comics will be read a hundred times where the prose is read once.” That's not exactly what William Wordsworth wrote in his Preface to Lyrical Ballads, of course—he had “verse” where I have “comics” (112). Nor did Wordsworth say that the pleasure of seeing expressive, hand-drawn characters could produce a complex feeling of delight, which is of the most important use in tempering the painful feeling always found intermingled with powerful descriptions of the deeper passions … while, in lighter compositions, the ease and gracefulness with which artists manage their lines are themselves confessedly a principal source of the gratification of the Reader.

Effect of Relaxation Guided Imagery on Premenstrual Syndrome in Adolescent

Menstruation is a periodical bleeding according to its cycle. Menstrual pain is a painful feeling during menstruation at the lower region that accompanying menstruation, before, or after menstruation. Guided Imagery relaxation is a common method which is the utmost method especially for patients experiencing pain. Therefore a study to examine the effect of relaxation therapy in relieving pain is required. This study was to examine the discrepancy of menstrual pain level before and after guided imagery relaxation performed. This quasi experiment with pre and posttest control group design was to investigate the effect of a guided imagery relaxation therapy on the menstrual pain. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test with significant threshold set to 0.05. Results indicated that the experiment group experienced menstrual pain score mean 2.6 � 0.5, while in the control group 4.6 � 0.6. It concluded that guided imagery relaxation effect on menstrual pain.