REHABILITASI SOSIAL EKONOMI BERBASIS SYARIAH BAGI KORBAN NAPZA DI YAYASAN GRAPIKS KABUPATEN BANDUNG

The purpose of the implementation of sharia-based social economic rehabilitation PKM activities for drug victims in the Grapiks foundation in the village of Cimekar, Cileunyi, Bandung, Bandung, is to provide solutions to the problems that have been faced, namely the tendency of former drug users to re-use very large. Rejection from families and the environment against drug victims, this rejection is related to their survival in economic terms, so they need skills development and how to socialize again with the surrounding community. Therefore the application of the sharia system in socio-economic rehabilitation is very important for drug victims who have an impact on the level of the economy and the welfare of former drug victims. It is clear that the psychic and economic condition of the former victim of this drug needs to be developed with sharia-based social economic rehabilitation. The specific target to be achieved is the change in behavior of former victims of drugs. Increasing the quality of SDI victims of drugs. The method used is the first approach to assisting behavioral change carried out continuously by involving family or spouse. Second, business / skill assistance is by exploring the potential of a former drug victim. The activities carried out are assisting with behavioral change by instilling Islamic principles so that they can go back to the community, explore the potential of drug victims by providing entrepreneurial training in accordance with Islamic law. Assistance is carried out until the end of the PKM program and after the PKM program ends. As a result of the PKM there was an increase in understanding of diversity regarding drugs and increasing the skills of drug victims.

Attitudes toward Female Circumcision among Men and Women in Two Districts in Somalia: Is It Time to Rethink Our Eradication Strategy in Somalia?

Somalia has the highest global prevalence (98%) of female circumcision (FC), and, despite a long history of abandonment efforts, it is not clear as to whether or not these programmes have changed people’s positive attitudes toward the practice. Against this background, this paper explores the attitudes of Somalis living in Hargeisa and Galkayo districts to the practice of FC.Methods. A purposive sampling of 24 Somalis, including activists and practitioners, men and women, was conducted in Somalia. Unstructured interviews were employed to explore the participants' knowledge of FC, their attitudes toward the continuation/discontinuation of the practice, and the type they want to continue or not to continue.Result. The findings of this qualitative study indicate that there is a strong resistance towards the abandonment of the practice in Somalia. The support for the continuation of Sunna circumcision is widespread, while there is a quite large rejection of Pharaonic circumcision.Conclusion. Therefore, since the “zero tolerance policy” has failed to change people’s support for the continuation of the practice in Somalia, programmes that promote the pinch of the clitoral skin and verbal alteration of status, with the goal of leading to total abandonment of FC, should be considered for the Somali context.

Low Dark Current Mesa-Type AlGaN Flame Detectors

This study characterizes and reports on the fabrication process of AlGaN flame photodetectors with anAl0.1Ga0.9N/GaNsuperlattice structure. The AlGaN flame photodetectors exhibited a low dark current (∼1.17×10−10A at bias of−5V) and large rejection ratio of photocurrent (∼2.14×10−5A at bias of-5 V) to dark current, which is greater than five orders of magnitude. Responsivity at 350 nm at a bias of-5 V was 0.194 A/W. Quantum efficiency,η, was 0.687 at a reverse bias of 5 V.