Burkina Faso’s Kabore will grapple with diverse crises

Significance It retains the same prime minister and about half the previous members, but also features a notable addition -- former opposition leader Zephirin Diabre, who heads up a new national reconciliation portfolio. Diabre’s appointment has dominated subsequent public debate, but wider challenges loom large, not least a long-running jihadist insurgency, the COVID-19 pandemic and a struggling economy. Impacts The CDP, the former ruling party of Blaise Compaore, faces a difficult challenge in deciding how it may lead a diminished opposition. Kabore’s affirmation that this will be his final mandate stands out in a region where term limits are being undermined. New corruption scandals could stoke public anger and undermine the government's touted reform mantra.

Cerebrosides and Steroids from the Edible Mushroom Meripilus giganteus with Antioxidant Potential

The detailed chemical analysis of the methanol extract of Meripilus giganteus (Pers.) P. Karst. led to the isolation of two new cerebrosides, mericeramides A (1) and B (2) together with cerebroside B (3), ergosterol (4), 3β-hydroxyergosta-7,22-diene (5), cerevisterol (6), 3β-hydroxyergosta-6,8(14),22-triene (7), 3β-O-glucopyranosyl-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene (8) and (11E,13E)-9,10-dihydroxy-11,13-octadecadienoic acid (9). The structures of the compounds were determined on the basis of NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis. Mericeramide A (1) is the first representative of halogenated natural cerebrosides. The isolated fungal metabolites 1–9 were evaluated for their antioxidant activity using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Compounds 2, 5 and 9 proved to possess considerable antioxidant effects, with 2.50 ± 0.29, 4.94 ± 0.37 and 4.27 ± 0.05 mmol TE/g values, respectively. The result obtained gives a notable addition to the chemical and bioactivity profile of M. giganteus, highlighting the possible contribution of this species to a versatile and balanced diet.

Sex Differences in Human Peer Relationships: A Primate’s-Eye View

Bonds formed by nonhuman animals can illuminate the structure of human relationships. In the juvenile period, primates of many species that are genetically similar to humans form sex-differentiated bonds in which females spend more time with female kin, and males spend more time with unrelated same-sex peers. Research with humans suggests a similar sex difference, with one notable addition: Beginning in middle childhood, male peer groups begin engaging in complex activities, including intergroup contests. This additional component of human peer relations resembles that of chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes), one of humans’ closest living genetic relatives. Cross-species and developmental evidence can aid in constructing a theory of human peer relations that differs by sex.

The ideological construction of solidarity in translated newspaper commentaries: Context models and inter-subjective positioning

This article utilizes Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach as a theoretical framework to demonstrate how news translators ideologically construe solidarity in translated newspaper commentaries about the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signing between Taiwan and China. Using a corpus of 26 Chinese commentaries from the Liberty Times in Taiwan and their English translations from the Taipei Times as data, this article (1) compares the context models, together with relevant ideological forces, constructed by the news translators and the original writers and (2) investigates how contextual variations guide the translators to make inter-subjective positioning shifts through engagement resources. The results reveal that the shifts identified in the translated headlines and arguments (including the change in dialogic nature and the notable addition of dialogically expansive expressions) were performed by the translators to establish presumably appropriate solidarity relations (i.e. tolerance-based solidarity) and to align the writers and the potentially diverse target audience, at whom the translated pieces are aimed. In this way, the translators can achieve the goals of translating commentaries while adequately responding to the pro-independence ideology of the Taipei Times and the professional ideology of the news translators as media practitioners.

A newly-found fragment of an Anglo-Saxon psalter

A notable addition to our knowledge of Anglo-Saxon manuscript fragments with Old English interlinear glosses has been made in a contribution by Professor Herbert Pilch of Freiburg to the recently-published Festschrift for Anatoly Liberman,1 and I hope to show that the leaf he describes and edits has deserved closer inspection.

The Zoomorphic Pelta in Romano-British Art

The discovery of two fragmentary inscriptions at the auxiliary fort of Castell Collen (pl. xxia) and the newly discovered legionary fortress of Carpow (pl. xxib) has made a notable addition to the interesting group of Romano-British inscriptions in which the text is flanked by peltae, the terminals of which have been treated as birds' (or griffins') heads. The Castell Collen fragment was found during excavation of the extramural bath building in 1956 where it appeared face downwards, reused as a paving slab; the excavator suggested that it might originally have stood over the east gate of the fort and used it as supporting evidence, for reasons which will be considered below, for the view that the fort was rebuilt in stone in the Antonine period. The Carpow fragment was found during excavations of the east gate in 1964, where presumably it once commemorated the building of the fortress in the Severan period. In neither case is there enough of the inscription to identify the unit explicitly but the presence of the Pegasus and Capricorn emblems, in whole or in part, makes it clear that both fragments are to be attributed to the Second Legion Augusta.

Megalithic Art in the North-west of Britain: The Calderstones, Liverpool

The recent discovery of decorated stones in the cruciform Passage Grave of Barclodiad y Gawres, in Anglesey, has made a notable addition to the volume of megalithic mural art known in Britain. The examples of such art described in the present paper increase the number still further. In his discussion of the chamber tombs of England and Wales, Daniel mentions the Calderstones as a possible former burial chamber. At that time (1950), the six Calderstones were arranged in a circle and stood in a small enclosure outside the Menlove Avenue entrance to Calderstones Park, Liverpool (fig. 1). This arrangement was, however, comparatively recent; the original monument was destroyed early in the nineteenth century. The markings were first published in 1864. In 1883, J. R. Allen made measured drawings of the stones, showing the disposition of all the markings known at the time. The same drawings were used by Stewart-Brown in 1911. Allen's drawings recorded only those portions of the stones above ground; examination of the areas then below ground level has revealed a number of new markings.

The Tumshuq Karmavācanā

In the Journal Asiatique for 1941–2 my friend the late Professor Sten Konow published an article entitled Une nouvelle forme aberrante de khotanais. This new type of Iranian is contained in the document P 410 brought back by the late Paul Pelliot from Tumšq, a ruined site near the modern Maralbashi.For the study of the history of this region all the materials, unfortunately often fragmentary, which the various expeditions have recovered for us have proved and are still proving of great importance. The present Tumšuq fragment is a notable addition to this material.Sten Konow gave with his study a facsimile of the MS. fragment, a transliteration (in which he had enjoyed the assistance of J. Filliozat) and a tentative translation, together with a glossary of the words according to his readings. Six years later he turned again to the document and in the Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap 14 (1947), pp. 156 ff., he published a second study of the document. It is a pleasure to recognize the merit of these pioneer studies, but neither could be considered as providing a clear interpretation. In one point, the reading of ai, the incorrect at is kept in the second study, although in the glossary to the first study J. Filliozat had pointed out that the sign was properly au.The document is vitally important for Iranian dialectical studies. Hence a new treatment is well justified. The recognition that the document contains a type of Buddhist ordination service changed the whole problem of its interpretation.

On the Flavian Reliefs from the Palazzo della Cancelleria

It is with considerable reluctance that I offer a few comments on the possible significance of the Flavian reliefs discovered between 1937 and 1939 close by the Palazzo della Cancelleria in Rome. For the interpretation of monuments such as these is largely subjective; and, in a matter on which any student may claim as good a right to his own opinion as any other, the use of space in this Journal to make suggestions which few may think convincing needs special justification. That justification must be found in the encouragement to ventilate the ideas which follow (ideas first aired before the Anglo-Swedish Classical Conference at Lund in August, 1947) given me by various friends—particularly Dr. Arvid Andrén, Professors Axel Boëthius and Einar Gjerstad, Dr. P. G. Hamberg, and Professors A. D. Nock and A. W. Persson. None of these gentlemen should be assumed to agree with any of my conclusions, but to all of them my hearty thanks for useful discussion are due and are hereby offered. Furthermore, it must be made plain that these remarks are not intended even to touch on the problems connected with the development of Roman art in the Flavian age to the evidence for which these friezes are a most notable addition. They are confined to the question, What are the reliefs about ?