When construction was linear. Analysis of the energy sustainability of social housing in Spain (1939-1989)

<p>Building circularly means building with future reuse in mind. Since Pearce and Turner (1995) put forward their ideas on the circular economy, this approach has gained prominence in other disciplines, such as architecture. (McDonough y Braungart, 2005). However, until very recent times architecture has been "linear" if we understand this as the opposite of the aim of reuse: the initial purpose was disconnected from the final one. Thus, to have elements of analysis and comparison, in this text we will approach the way of building in Spain in the 20th century. We will focus on the case of railway social housing, which had an abundant production (around 20,000 dwellings) in the period 1939-1989, within the framework of the existing housing legislation at that time in which there was no purpose of reuse, as the context and needs were different. However, these are dwellings that are still in use where the principles of circular architecture are applied, in this case to improve and adapt to regulations regarding energy saving with the intention of making this continuity of use more sustainable.</p><p>The article is based on the analysis of the thermal envelope carried out based on the projects available, as well as the study and application of the regulations on thermal insulation in the period under study, which specifically did not exist until the 1979 basic standard on thermal conditions (NBE-CT-79). The aim is to simulate, after the study carried out and after the recent update of the basic document on energy saving, (CTE DB-HE 2019) what renovation actions are necessary in these dwellings to ensure compliance with the new and rigorous standards set with the aim of reconciling these dwellings, which are still in use and were built under criteria of minimum cost, with the lowest energy consumption and therefore with greater energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.</p>

Kelayakan Asnaf Fakir Miskin Sebagai Penerima Zakat Berdasarkan Had Kifayah

Had kifayah is the sufficiency limit or basic standard of individual/family needs plus the adequacy of existing dependents as an effort to determine the eligibility of needy mustahik zakat recipients according to regional and local socio-economic conditions. This study aims to calculate the amount of kifayah had in Cirebon, Indramayu, Majalengka, and Kuningan (Ciayumajakuning). The method of calculating had kifayah refers to the had kifayah study issued by the PUSKAS BAZNAS, consisting of 7 dimensions: food, clothing, housing, household facilities, worship, education, and health, and transportation. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data obtained through documentation, interviews, and observations. Based on the calculation results, the average amount of had kifayah in Ciayumajakuning around is IDR 2,977,187 per household per month, and the average amount of kifayah has per capita is IDR 832,853 per month.

The Indonesian sociocultural contexts related to daily occupations of children with cancer during hospitalisation: The parents’ perspective

Background The sociocultural phenomenon affecting daily occupations of hospitalised children with cancer in a diverse country like Indonesia is thought-provoking and requires exploration. Objective This study aims to explore the sociocultural contexts related to daily occupations of children with cancer during hospital admittance from the parents' perspective. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with cancer who had been hospitalised for two weeks or more. The data were collected at the paediatric ward of “Dharmais” National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta. The study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results Nine parents of children with cancer consented to the study. Three interconnected themes emerged as necessary to the sociocultural context among participants. These involve ‘The surrounding human environment as primary encouragement’, ‘Culture and spirituality as the basic standard’ and ‘Activity adjustments as new habits’. Conclusions The themes revealed that the daily occupations of hospitalised children with cancer are strongly encouraged by family and social systems in Indonesia, spiritual aspects of the parents and the occupational changes due to the new settings.

The Priority of Building Ecological Transport System in Metropolises: Obstacles, Methods and Opportunities

The article shows efficient ways of cutting the negative impact of transportation on the environment in metropolises as tools of passing-over to sustainable transportation system. The author identifies key ecological problems in metropolises – consequences of using transport, in particular, CO2 transport emissions are studied in view of their volumes and changes that took place during the last 5 years. It was revealed that all over the world transport damages the environment much more seriously than other industries. The author analyzed advanced methods of passing over from traditional to sustainable transport in different aspects (technical, infrastructural and cultural) in order to protect the environment in metropolises with due regard to economic interests. A lot of obstacles were found, such as time, mode of modern life in metropolises, inter-sectoral nature of transport, etc., which hinder the process of shaping sustainable transport systems in metropolises. As a result of the research the author confirms the necessity to work out a sustainable transport system, in spite of complexity of the process. Apart from that, three variants of shaping sustainable transport system were put forward: basic, standard and advanced.

Evaluation of Financial Sustainability of the Federal Health Institutions in Nigeria

The study investigated the financial sustainability of the federal health institutions in Nigeria. The population of the study comprised twenty-five (25) federal health institutions from four (4) geo-political zones and Abuja. Secondary data were sourced from Annual General Warrant from the Office of the Accountant General of the Federation and Audited Financial Statements of the Public Sector Entities. Data obtained were analyzed using Balanced Score Card techniques. The results showed that none of the sampled federal health institutions in Nigeria attained a basic standard of sustainability test, whereby the ratios of their Internally Generated Revenue to recurrent expenditure is between (40 – 60)% or 0.04 and 0.6.This indicates the inability of the institutions to generate sufficient revenue independently to cover even the operational expenses in the short-run. Also, the results equally showed the highest positive operating surplus ratios of 1%-5% of operational sustainability indicating that the health institutions heavily depended on central authority’s funding for their survival. The results further revealed that none of the federal health institutions attained both intermediate and advance standards of sustainability tests. In conclusion, federal health institutions in Nigeria are heavily dependent on central authority for sustenance. Therefore, the central authorities should roll out blueprints that will make the institutions widen their internally generated revenue capacity and reduce the reliance on central authority’s funding for survival.

FRESH GRADUATE UROLOGIST IN EASTERN INDONESIA: FIRST YEAR SURGERY EXPERIENCE

Objective: In present days, endourology is the hallmark of urology, including in developing countries. This study reviews the surgical experiences of a urology practitioner in the first year of his practice in the underdeveloped province in Indonesia. Material & Methods: This research is a descriptive study that retrieval patients data from the medical record during June 2018 - May 2019. Results: Total of 401 operations were obtained. There were 328 male (81.8%) and 73 female (18.2%) with the average of patients age were 52+17.77 years old. The most common diagnoses were BPH 113 cases (28.2%). bladder stone 83 cases (20.7%), and ureteral stone 52 cases (13%). The most common surgical procedures performed were TURP 120 operations (29.9%), Ureterorenoscopy (URS) 64 operations (16%), and Vesicolithotripsy 58 operations (14.5%). The upper tract procedures were 84 operations (20.9%), mainly URS 64 operations (16%). Whereas the lower procedures were 317 operations (79.1%) mainly TURP 120 operations (29.9%). The complications were bleeding post-TURP 5 cases which require blood clot evacuation (1.2%), bleeding post open nephrolithotomy 1 case which requires blood transfusion (0.2%), and TURP syndrome 1 case (0.2%) with mortality 2 patient (0.4%). All kidney stones were handled by open surgery due to lack of PCNL and ESWL set devices. Conclusion: First year urologist who are interested in serving in such areas may benefit from prioritizing the availability of upper and lower set to performed basic standard care for surgical urology without leaving the hallmark of urology.

Epilogue: Iraq and Its Casualties Today

The book covers the 2003-2017 period, but what has happened in Iraq since 2017? After nearly two decades of war, Iraq has experienced its least violent year; seventeen years after the invasion, during 2019 2,392 civilian deaths were recorded by Iraq Body Count. In its worst year, 2006, Iraq had witnessed the violent deaths of more than 29,500 civilians. The monthly and yearly totals, assembled after the painstaking daily task of extracting the data from hundreds of reports, betray the true magnitude and impact of the war on Iraqi civilians. The controversy surrounding the precise figures, the counts, or the estimates ultimately leads to the realisation that we do not need for millions to have been killed for the world to be outraged by the catastrophic impact of the War on Terror on the Iraqis. The number of certain civilian deaths that has been documented to a basic standard of corroboration by passive surveillance methods, in an ongoing war and through ongoing casualty recording, provides enough evidence to deem this invasion and occupation a security failure.

JATS4R - working together to apply the standard standardly

JATS4R is a volunteer-run organisation that produces recommendations for how people should use the Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS XML) to aid the exchange, reuse, and mining of content. This paper briefly describes this overlay to the NISO Standard Z39.96-2019 which itself defines a set of XML elements and attributes for tagging journals articles and provides three models. JATS4R brings a level of normalization to the use of the basic standard to ensure interoperability across vendors. This paper discusses what JATS4R does, how the standard is maintained and updated, what the oversight group has achieved since it was established in 2013, and what the future may hold.

Clinical efficacy of phentolamine in the treatment of feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight

Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of phentolamine in the treatment of feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight. Methods: Seventy-one low-birth-weight infants with feeding intolerance were randomly divided into the phentolamine group and the erythromycin group (38 patients and 33 patients, respectively). The infants were given basic treatment, such as gastric lavage, temporary fasting, nutritional support and abdominal massage. The phentolamine group was intravenously pumped with phentolamine as the basis of basic treatment, while the erythromycin group was given erythromycin as the basis of basic treatment. The time for gastrointestinal symptoms to disappear, the time the basic standard was reached, the time parenteral nutrition was used, the total time enteral feeding was implemented, the length of stay, and the increase in physical indexes according to the corrected gestational age of 40 weeks of the two groups were compared. Results: There was no significant difference between the phentolamine group and the erythromycin group in vomiting disappearance time or the increase in physical indicators at the corrected gestational age of 40 weeks (P>0.05), while the abdominal distension disappearance time, the time of restoration to birth weight, the time to reach the basic standard, the total time of parenteral nutrition, the total time of enteral feeding, and the length of stay in the phentolamine group were shorter than those in the erythromycin group, with significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion: Phentolamine has a significant effect on alleviating symptoms and shortening the treatment time while treating feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight, without adverse events, so it is worthy of clinical promotion. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2633 How to cite this:Li H, Li B, Wen X. Clinical efficacy of phentolamine in the treatment of feeding intolerance in premature infants with low birth weight. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2633 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.