Philogenetics of Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla using Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 Gene

Sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is multifunction organism that can be used as potential food source because of its high nutrient content. This organism can also be utilized bioindicator of sea waters and as a modal of organism for studying biology’s purposes. The purposes of this research is studying Filogenetic of sea urchin T. gratilla from waters of Wasior and Serui. The research has been doing at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the state of University of Papua on November to December 2009. The sample was extracted by using Chelex 10 % and was amplified with PCR technic (polymerase chain reaction). Sequencing of CO I gens (cythocrome oxidase subunit I) was done using sequencher ABI 377 (Apllied Biosystem). The result of nucleotid sequence data was analyzed utilizing MEGA 4.0.2. This researchs result showed that the gen fragment that was succesfully amplified 601 bp. The sequence result of nucleotid which was analyzed the variaty of nucleotid between the sample from two waters. Filogenetic analyzing toward individu of the two waters produce the two clusters. The first cluster consist of SER 01 and sub cluster which is consisted of WSR 02 and SER 02. While, the second cluster consist of only WSR 01. This result showed that every individu from Wasior (WSR 02) has close genetic relation with other individu from Serui (SER 02), that proved there is genetic flow between the two waters.

Infective Endocarditis with Unknown Etiology: Possibilities of Conquering and Role of Microbiologistics

Current infectious endocarditis (IE) is characterized by changes in its etiological and epidemiological profiles associated with increased incidence of IE of undetermined etiology. This requires a search for ways to enhance the effectivity of diagnosis. Microbiologistics along with high-tech methods becomes decisively important for identifying the pathogen by studying cultures of blood and tissues from the affected heart valve. This determines timely diagnosis and treatment to be introduced to medical practice as a component of personalized medicine. The article focuses on the validity and features of microbiological (cultural), immunochemical, and molecular biological [MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry), polymerase chain reaction, sequencing] studies.

Sequencing of Norovirus in Southern, Nigeria: Prevalent Genotypes and Putative GII.4 Novel Recombinants among Children

Norovirus is now known to be the leading cause of gastroenteritis among children worldwide. This present report highlights the genetic diversity of norovirus among children less than 5 years in Southern, Nigeria. Stool specimens were collected from 300 children with diarrhea and analyzed for norovirus using conventional reverse transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction. Sequencing of the capsid region was performed to genotype the strains. Norovirus was detected in 45 (11.1%) of children with diarrhea. Genogroup II norovirus was detected in 38/45 (84.4%) patients, while genogroup I (GI) noroviruses were identified in 7/38 (15.6%) patients. Genotype diversity was large, as demonstrated by the nine identified genotypes (2 GI and 7 GII). GII.4 was the most predominant genotype. Two norovirus GII.4 variants, New Orleans_2009 and Sydney_2012 were identified in this study. A putative novel GII.4 recombinant was also detected. This study report for the first time the detection of norovirus GII.17 Kawasaki strain in South–South, region of Nigeria.

Clinical Utility of Universal Broad-Range Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplicon Sequencing for Pathogen Identification: A Retrospective Cohort Study

We assessed the real-world utility of universal broad-range polymerase chain reaction sequencing for pathogen detection. Among 1062 clinical samples, 107/1062 (10.1%) had a clinically significant, positive result, with substantial variation by specimen type. Clinical management was changed in 44/1062 (4.1%). These data can help maximize utility of this emerging diagnostic.