Mucocele/mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix

In today’s globalized world, people are significantly affected by the incredibly increased flow of information, obtained mainly from electronic media, crazy speeds, complex high-tech work processes, unhealthy environment, sometimes difficult relationships in society, inflated demands on themselves and others, etc. All this leads to premature depletion of the body’s creative resource, its weakening, development of a variety of diseases, and at an earlier age, including oncopathology. Mucocele of the appendix is a rare pathology with uncharacteristic clinical manifestations, which often resemble acute appendicitis. Surgical intervention should be performed with the maximum prevention of potential dissemination of the contents of the tumor, and its volume depends on the histological form of the pathology. In our patient, the chronic painful process of the appendix sharply “exploded” with the clinical picture of acute appendicitis, which attracted the attention of the patient and physicians. Timely standard appendectomy has now led to the “recovery” of the patient. Otherwise, the course of the disease could end unfavorably. The purpose of our work was to remind everyone of the importance of timely diagnosis of the disease the accuracy of which is confirmed by histopathological examination of the surgical material of the disease-altered organ. The clinical case of mucocele/mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma of the appendix in a female patient V., 51 years old, was analyzed from our practical work, it manifested itself as an acute appendicitis. The results of laboratory and instrumental examination of the patient are presented. However, the real painful changes of the appendix are established postoperatively.

A case report of bronchial pleomorphic adenoma in a child in China

Background Paediatric cases of pleomorphic adenoma of the bronchus are rare in clinical practice, despite pleomorphic adenoma being the most common histological form of salivary gland neoplasm. To date, no such cases have been reported in China. Case presentation We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the bronchus in a 10-year-old child with no obvious positive signs on examination. Chest-enhanced computed tomography and bronchoscopy showed a large white mass in the right principal bronchus. The patient was treated by bronchial mass resection. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. Conclusions We not only describe a rare benign bronchial tumour in children but also demonstrate the successful use of surgery as a radical cure for pleomorphic adenoma.

Requirement for PKC Epsilon in Kras-Driven Lung Tumorigenesis

ABSTRACTNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most frequent subtype of lung cancer, remains a highly lethal malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Mutant KRAS is the prevailing oncogenic driver of lung adenocarcinoma, the most common histological form of NSCLC. In this study, we examined the role of PKCε, an oncogenic kinase highly expressed in NSCLC and other cancers, in KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. Notably, database analysis revealed an association between PKCε expression and poor outcome in lung adenocarcinoma patients specifically having KRAS mutation. By generating a PKCε-deficient, conditionally activatable allele of oncogenic Kras (LSL-KrasG12D;PKCε−/− mice) we were able to demonstrate the requirement of PKCε for Kras-driven lung tumorigenesis in vivo, which is consistent with the impaired transformed growth observed in PKCε-deficient KRAS-dependent NSCLC cells. Moreover, PKCε-knockout mice were found to be less susceptible to lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene, a carcinogen that induces mutations in Kras. Mechanistic analysis using RNA-Seq revealed little overlapping for PKCε and KRAS in the control of genes/biological pathways relevant in NSCLC, suggesting that a permissive role of PKCε in KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis may involve non-redundant mechanisms. Our results thus highlight the relevance and potential of targeting PKCε for lung cancer therapeutics.

COMPLEX MORPHOLOGICAL (CYTOLOGICAL, HISTOLOGICAL) DIAGNOSTICS OF PIPILLOMATOSIS NIPPING IN COMBINATION WITH SUBAREOLAR SCLROSE PROTECTIVE HYPERPLASIA (CASE FROM PRACTICE)

A case of benign proliferative formation of the mammary gland of a rare histological form - subareolar sclerosing ductal hyperplasia in combination with papillomatosis of the nipple is presented. Pathology belongs to the group of complex sclerosing lesions. When setting the morphological (cytological, histological) diagnosis, it is necessary to take into account the clinical picture - the state of the nipple-areola complex, in particular, the presence / absence of nipple discharge and its involvement in the pathological process.

Lupus Nephritis

Lupus nephritis (LN) is common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. LN is a not a single-disease entity; on the contrary, it encompasses a wide array of renal histological patterns. The treatment options and outcomes vary with the type of renal histology. Proliferative LN remains the most aggressive histological form of LN and requires aggressive treatment. The goal of therapy for LN is to achieve clinical and histological remission and avoid progression to chronic kidney disease. Remission of LN not only improves renal outcomes but also results in significant improvement in overall patient mortality. Though much progress has been made in this arena, there is still a need for therapeutic agents that are less toxic and more effective than the currently available therapies.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PUNCTURE BIOPSIES OF THE PANCREAS UNDER ULTRASOUND GUIDANCE

The results of 205 puncture biopsies of solid and cystic pancreatic lesions performed in 202 patients at the Republican Oncological Dispensary of the Republic of Karelia for a 7-year period (2009-2015) are presented. Informative material for morphological investigation was obtained in 95.5% of cases. A comparison of results of cytological examination of the material from 56 patients with pancreatic lesions with histological data was carried out. The efficiency of the cytological method was 90.6%, sensitivity - 87.8%, specificity - 100%. To determine histological form of tumor in cytological examination of the material of the pancreas was successful in 82.1% of cases.

The Association of Cholelithiasis and Colorectal Cancer

Background: In the literature there are a number of studies that suggest a possible correlation between cholelithiasis/cholecystectomy and colorectal cancer. The exposure of the colon mucosa to the action of bile acids that potentially have a carcinogenic effect due to the change in anatomy after cholecystectomy, seems to be the explanation of this association. The purpose of this paper was to search for such a correlation in our study group. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study, analyzing the patients admitted to the First Surgical Clinic of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital Tîrgu Mureș, between January 1st, 2005 - December 31st, 2010. Analyzing the medical records, operation protocols and histopathological results, we paid attention to demographics, location of neoplasia, the time elapsed since the cholecystectomy to the discovery of neoplasia, histological types, trying to perform correlations between these parameters and the lithiasic factor. Results: Out of the 534 patients admitted and operated with the diagnosis of colorectal cancer, 15.6% (n = 83) showed a history of gallbladder stone affection. Most patients came from urban areas, the average age was 67.2 (range 39-88 years), females were more affected. The most common locations were: the sigmoid colon (26.5%), rectum (36.3%) and the most common histological form was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Similar to other studies, our work suggests a slight increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in patients that underwent a cholecystectomy, without drawing a firm conclusion. We deem it necessary to see if diet changes of the Romanian population affect this relationship