Participative and Decolonial Approaches in Environmental History

This chapter explores the relationship and use of decolonial participative approaches in environmental history. The main argument is that decolonial and participative methods are useful tools to build environmental histories that are more inclusive and communicate better with today’s society. Furthermore, it is argued that using participative and decolonial approaches contribute to environmental awareness and political action, making environmental history a powerful discipline in contributing to a decolonial environmental justice. To explore this argument, we first review how the discipline of history has understood participative methods. We then trace the development of participative approaches to research, and finally, give an overview of how environmental history in Latin America has been enriched from these discussions. The chapter finishes by discussing the usefulness of the concept of “memory” to facilitate this approach in research. We conclude that decoloniality and participation can be powerful allies of environmental history research. Specifically, the decolonial approach helps to read the past through a critical lens that connects specific cases with larger phenomena, such as imperialism and capitalism, highlighting the spaces for change within them. Similarly, participation challenges historical research to go beyond inclusion and place people’s knowledge at the centre of scientific work.

The Future Human and Behavioural Challenges of Cybersecurity

This chapter explores the future human and behavioural challenges that are likely to have an impact on cybersecurity. It identifies some general challenges that will need to be overcome. The first challenge will be to accept that cybersecurity practitioners are not average end users. It is important to understand cybersecurity as a social practice that is carried out in specific and variable contexts if we are to design successful behavioural and social interventions. The second challenge is to improve the levels of creativity and innovation demonstrated by cybersecurity practitioners. Finally, the third challenge is to look at how we address cybersecurity risk. Meeting these challenges will depend on developing a skill set among cybersecurity practitioners that puts soft skills on a par with technical skills, and establishes trust relationships through genuine dialogue realized through participative approaches to cybersecurity.

REDESAIN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH DARUSSALAM PANONGAN SEBAGAI RUANG BELAJAR TERINTEGRASI BERKELANJUTAN MELALUI PENDEKATAN PARTISIPATIF [REDESIGNING THE DARUSSALAM PANONGAN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT AS A SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATED LEARNING SPACE THROUGH PARTICIPATIVE APPROACHES]

<p class="p0">The school environment is a powerful tool to stimulate and enhance creativity, concentration, motivation, and understanding for students. Darussalam School, Panongan has a GSM program which is Fun School Movement. This GSM program encourages students to create a friendly, safe and comfortable school ecosystem. With a total of about 700 students ranging from PAUD to SMK (Vocation Senior High School), this school has the potential to produce students who have sensitivity and responsibility for their environment. Community Service Activities (PkM) is directed to design a Darussalam School-Build environment that is able to create sustainable schools based on the GSM program. In the process, it is hoped that the design is not just the result of the thaught of the architech but also is the result of the formulation of the needs and desires of the user be it teachers, students, parents, and other stakeholders through a participatory design approach that emphasizes community joint planning, with the aim of increasing ties high and sustainable social and participation. Through the implementation of Darussalam school design, it is expected to produce a school environment that is able to stimulate the students to be sensitive to envoronmental problems. Academically, this participatory design process is a good learning process because the approach is different from the conventional architectural design process, so the resulting design products can be relevant to the needs and desires of school users. Although this design has not yet been fully developed, this participatory process encourages teachers and students to be more sensitive in caring for their environment through collaboration spirit.</p><p class="p0"><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak</strong>: Lingkungan sekolah merupakan alat yang ampuh untuk menstimulasi dan meningkatkan kreativitas, konsentrasi, motivasi, dan pengertian bagi para siswanya. Sekolah Darussalam, Panongan memiliki program GSM yakni Gerakan Sekolah Menyenangkan. Program GSM ini mendorong agar siswa dapat mewujudkan ekosistem sekolah yang ramah, aman, dan nyaman. Dengan jumlah peserta didik sekitar 700 siswa mulai dari PAUD sampai dengan SMK, sekolah ini berpotensi mencetak siswa yang memiliki kepekaan dan tanggung jawab terhadap lingkungannya. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini diarahkan untuk merancang lingkungan binaan sekolah Darussalam yang mampu mewujudkan sekolah berkelanjutan berlandaskan program GSM. Dalam prosesnya, diharapkan desain bukan semata sekedar hasil olah pikir dari arsitek namun juga merupakan hasil formulasi dari kebutuhan dan keinginan pengguna baik itu guru, siswa, orang tua, dan stakeholder lainnya melalui pendekatan desain partisipatif yang menekankan perencanaan bersama komunitas, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan ikatan sosial dan partisipasi yang tinggi dan berkelanjutan. Melalui pelaksanaan perancangan sekolah Darussalam ini, diharapkan dapat menghasilkan lingkungan sekolah yang mampu menstimulus siswanya untuk peka terhadap permasalahan lingkungan. Secara akademik, proses desain partisipatif ini menjadi sebuah pembelajaran yang baik dikarenakan pendekatannya yang berbeda dari proses desain arsitektur yang konvensional, sehingga produk desain yang dihasilkan dapat relevan dengan kebutuhan dan keinginan pengguna sekolah. Meskipun desain ini belum sepenuhnya terbangun, namun proses yang dilalui secara partisipatif ini mendorong guru dan siswa untuk lebih peka merawat lingkungannya melalui semangat kolaborasi.</p><div id="gtx-trans" style="position: absolute; left: 257px; top: 333.286px;"> </div>

Building knowledge for policy and practice based on service user and carer experiences: A case study of Scottish adult safeguarding research

Summary This article presents Scottish adult safeguarding as a case study to illuminate some challenges of building knowledge for policy and practice based on service user and carer voices. It draws on five of our own research projects that have evaluated implementation of Scottish adult safeguarding legislation and/or asked more exploratory questions about risk, safety and support. Findings We show how practical and ethical issues limited our more evaluative lines of inquiry. We then show how increasingly participative approaches led to studies that were more accessible and that connected more deeply with service users’ and carers' lives, but that also faced greater challenges in the translation of their findings back into the policy and/or practice environment. Applications We conclude with an argument for ongoing dialogue between policy-makers, professionals, service users and carers, researchers, educators and students about knowledge, its different forms and sources, its generation and its use.

Sustainable Agroforestry Landscape Management: Changing the Game

Location-specific forms of agroforestry management can reduce problems in the forest–water–people nexus, by balancing upstream and downstream interests, but social and ecological finetuning is needed. New ways of achieving shared understanding of the underlying ecological and social-ecological relations is needed to adapt and contextualize generic solutions. Addressing these challenges between thirteen cases of tropical agroforestry scenario development across three continents requires exploration of generic aspects of issues, knowledge and participative approaches. Participative projects with local stakeholders increasingly use ‘serious gaming’. Although helpful, serious games so far (1) appear to be ad hoc, case dependent, with poorly defined extrapolation domains, (2) require heavy research investment, (3) have untested cultural limitations and (4) lack clarity on where and how they can be used in policy making. We classify the main forest–water–people nexus issues and the types of land-use solutions that shape local discourses and that are to be brought to life in the games. Four ‘prototype’ games will be further used to test hypotheses about the four problems identified constraining game use. The resulting generic forest–water–people games will be the outcome of the project “Scenario evaluation for sustainable agroforestry management through forest-water-people games” (SESAM), for which this article provides a preview.

Intervention to Reduce Needle Stick Injuries

Introduction: Healthcare workers face the risk of infection from potentially deadly diseases from the use of unsafe needles every day. It has been estimated that over 350,000 needlestick and sharps related injuries occur annually with an average of 1,000 infections annually and over 100 deaths by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention). It has been reported that 0.6 cases in average of needle stick injury incident occurred in KPJ Seremban almost every month in 2008. Analysis was done and it was that found that the majority of cases were due to failure to adhere to universal precautions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done (January to December 2008). Data was collected from reviewed incidence reports. Statistics showed that needle stick injuries occurred after a procedure and during disposal of used needles. We then introduced several measures with these aims; to inculcate ‘Safety Culture’ among healthcare workers through quality training, to ensure that all newly qualified healthcare workers are well trained in handling sharp devices, to reduce the incidence of needlestick injuries, to do effective monitoring audit, to convey knowledge to healthcare workers on safety practices by Infection control team. These strategies included; High quality education and training to all staffs conducted continuously, identifying those at risk, introduce safer medical devices – using of Angiocath for setting IV line and needle-less injection port and providing for a secure work environment. Results: 1) Needle stick injury cases reduce 65% as compared to last year. 2) Through surveys and questionnaires, 95% of healthcare workers understand and adhere to universal precautions in 2009 as compared 30% in previous year. 3) Number training conducted increased from 7days in year 2008 to 21 days in year 2009. Conclusion: Collaborative and participative approaches are helpful in reducing the transmission of blood borne pathogens and other sharps-related injuries.

Improving the management of international development projects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the quintessential methodology of the international development (ID) projects, the logical framework approach (LFA), to find out which changes are required to increase the level of effectiveness of these projects. Design/methodology/approach This research presents a thorough review of literature relating to the evolution of the LFA. This theoretical analysis formed the basis for a closed-ended questionnaire on the methodology and how it could be improved, from which the responses of 56 project managers experienced in the LFA were collected. Data were statistically analyzed through correlation matrix and ANOVA analysis by SPSS software. The questionnaire included a last open-ended question where professionals suggested how they would develop the methodology, opening a new path to effectiveness through participative approaches. Findings The research reveals that the LFA needs to be improved, and points to the next steps in the evolution of this mature methodology. An interesting insight is that although some suggestions are broadly accepted, such as the integration of risk management, other proposals could be open to further discussion depending on the organization. Research limitations/implications The main weakness is related to the sample, which is reduced to 56 project managers from the same country (Spain). Originality/value Since interventions for development are made by practitioners, considering their suggestions to improve the LFA is a major step to enhance the management of ID projects.

Transformative Pedagogy, Black Theology and Participative forms of Praxis

This paper outlines the development of a form of scholarship that seeks to bring together transformative modes of pedagogy that have become commonplace in Christian religious education alongside the liberative themes to be found in Black theology. The paper summarises the significant contributions of Paulo Freire to transformative pedagogy and conscientization as the first stage in this developing work. This formative analysis is then followed by reflections on the significant developments in religious education by and for Black people, principally in the US. In the final part of the paper, I describe my own participative approaches to Black theology by means of transformative pedagogy, which utilises interactive exercises as a means of combining the insights of the aforementioned ideas and themes into a transformative mode of teaching and learning.