Image Automatic Categorisation using Selected Features Attained from Integrated Non-Subsampled Contourlet with Multiphase Level Sets

A framework of automatic detection and categorization of Breast Cancer (BC) biopsy images utilizing significant interpretable features is initially considered in discussed work. Appropriate efficient techniques are engaged in layout steps of the discussed framework. Different steps include 1.To emphasize the edge particulars of tissue structure; the distinguished Non-Subsampled Contourlet (NSC) transform is implemented. 2. For the demarcation of cells from background, k-means, Adaptive Size Marker Controlled Watershed, two proposed integrated methodologies were discussed. Proposed Method-II, an integrated approach of NSC and Multiphase Level Sets is preferred to other segmentation practices as it proves better performance 3. In feature extraction phase, extracted 13 shape morphology, 33 textural (includes 6 histogram, 22 Haralick’s, 3 Tamura’s, 2 Graylevel Run-Length Matrix,) and 2 intensity features from partitioned tissue images for 96 trained images

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION

Cytomegalovirus can cause lifelong latency and reactivates when the patientbecome immunocompromised and can cause severe complications. Patients on hemodialysisare on risk of CMV infection due to multiple blood transfusions and impaired immunity. Serologyof the patient does not detect the latent infection. Objectives: To check the frequency ofcytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients on hemodialysis. Design: Observational study.Setting: Gulab Devi Chest Hospital & Lahore General Hospital Lahore. Period: six month.Material and Methods: 31 patients that were on hemodialysis were enrolled in this study. CMVDNA detection was done from the peripheral blood with consent from the patients. The 222bpband corresponding to the size marker and positive control was considered as positive. Thedata was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Age, gender and socioeconomic statushad no association with CMV infection. No patient was found positive for CMV DNA. Serumcreatinine levels were significantly associated with the duration on dialysis. Hypertension anddiabetes were diagnosed as major co-morbidities. In this study none of the sample testedpositive for CMV DNA. Conclusions: There is a need to conduct large population based studyto establish the sero-prevalance of CMV infection in Pakistani population as no description isavailable yet. Furthermore, the blood should be screened for CMV viremia or antibodies prior totransfusion to rule out risks associated with reactivation of latent infection in critically ill patients.

HEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES

Infection rate of CMV in adults is approximately 60% in the developed countriesand almost 100% in the developing countries. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency ofcytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in patients with different hematological malignancies. Design:Observational study. Setting: Gulab Devi Chest Hospital & INMOL Hospital Lahore. Period: Sixmonths. Materials and methods: The blood samples were drawn from the selected patientsafter taking their written informed consent. The DNA was extracted from the whole blood andthe polymerase chain reaction was performed for CMV DNA using CMV PCR kit (CinnagenInc. Catalog # PR7836C). The 222bp fragment corresponding to the size marker and positivecontrol was considered as positive. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 16. Results: Themean age of patients was 36 years. Out of 16, 3 were presented with interstitial pneumonitis, 14with retinitis, 3 with esophagitis and 5 were presented with colitis respectively. In this study onesample was tested positive for CMV DNA. Conclusions: CMV infection may be a serious threatfor the patients with compromised immune system such as those receiving chemotherapy. Thescreening for CMV should be done before the blood transfusion to such patients.

Simultaneous extraction, separation and purification of microbial genomic DNA and total RNA from acidic habitat samples

DNA and RNA simultaneously extracted fromA. fusing the optimised method. (a) Total nucleic acid extracted fromA. f: lane M1, 1 kb ladder; lane M2,HindIII-cut lambda molecular size marker; lanes 1–4, biological replicates. (b) DNA precipitated by isopropanol. (c) RNA precipitated by LiCl.

Distribution of the 3-AcDON, 15-AcDON, and NIV chemotypes of Fusarium culmorum in the North-West of Turkey

Fusarium culmorum isolates originated from diseased wheat plants showing crown rot and head blight symptoms in the 2009–2010 wheat growing season in the Çanakkale, Balıkesir, and Tekirdağ Provinces in the North-West of Turkey. Fifty-six isolates were identified as F. culmorum. The chemotypes of F. culmorum known to produce the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives (3-AcDON and 15-AcDON) and nivalenol (NIV) were identified by PCR-based methods. Out of the 56 F. culmorum isolates tested with Tri13 PCR assays, one isolate yielded an amplicon similar to the size predicted for NIV production, while 55 yielded an amplicon corresponding to the size marker for DON production. Chemotyping assays by PCR showed that the DON chemotype of F. culmorum was dominant among the population in all three provinces. Out of the 55 DON isolates, 16 and 39 isolates were 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON, respectively. Isolates collected from the same localities were not exclusively of a single chemotype. This is the first report demonstrating the presence and the geographic distribution of all three chemotypes on wheat spikes and crowns in Turkey.