scholarly journals Distribution of the 3-AcDON, 15-AcDON, and NIV chemotypes of Fusarium culmorum in the North-West of Turkey

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mert-Türk ◽  
R. Gencer
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
First Report ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Size Marker

Fusarium culmorum isolates originated from diseased wheat plants showing crown rot and head blight symptoms in the 2009–2010 wheat growing season in the Çanakkale, Balıkesir, and Tekirdağ Provinces in the North-West of Turkey. Fifty-six isolates were identified as F. culmorum. The chemotypes of F. culmorum known to produce the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives (3-AcDON and 15-AcDON) and nivalenol (NIV) were identified by PCR-based methods. Out of the 56 F. culmorum isolates tested with Tri13 PCR assays, one isolate yielded an amplicon similar to the size predicted for NIV production, while 55 yielded an amplicon corresponding to the size marker for DON production. Chemotyping assays by PCR showed that the DON chemotype of F. culmorum was dominant among the population in all three provinces. Out of the 55 DON isolates, 16 and 39 isolates were 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON, respectively. Isolates collected from the same localities were not exclusively of a single chemotype. This is the first report demonstrating the presence and the geographic distribution of all three chemotypes on wheat spikes and crowns in Turkey.

scholarly journals Population genetic structure and mycotoxin potential of the wheat crown rot and head blight pathogen Fusarium culmorum in Algeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Laraba ◽  
Houda Boureghda ◽  
Nora Abdallah ◽  
Oussama Bouaicha ◽  
Friday Obanor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight

scholarly journals A range extension of Gentiana capitata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don subsp. harwanensis (G.Singh) Halda (Gentianaceae) to Ladakh Trans-Himalaya, India

Check List ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Mohd Shabir ◽  
Anzar A. Khuroo ◽  
Priyanka Agnihotri ◽  
Jay Krishan Tiwari ◽  
Tariq Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
First Time

We collected Gentiana capitata subsp. harwanensis for the first time from Suru valley in Kargil district of Ladakh region, India, and thus extend this subspecies’ geographic distribution to the Trans-Himalayan biogeographic region. This subspecies is endemic to India and so far recorded from the North-west and Western Himalaya of India. 

Iraq will be reluctant to address crop burning threat

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Full Inclusion ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Growing Conditions

Significance That comes despite widespread instances of crop destruction in recent months, especially in the north-west, and is largely attributable to excellent weather during the growing season. Aside from crop burning, successive bouts of armed conflict and population displacements have often affected parts of the country that are important for agricultural output. Impacts Investment in agriculture will remain minimal. Environmental challenges facing agriculture in Iraq will struggle to gain attention. Strong 2019 output will disincentivise addressing intentional crop destruction despite negative effects in many communities. Repeated instances of crop burning will pose a much greater danger during years with poor growing conditions. Harvest figures in 2019 also show a significant improvement thanks to the full inclusion of Anbar, Nineveh and Salah al-Din.

scholarly journals Burials from Cemetery Wad Ben Naga C260 – First Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Gabriela Jungová
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Porotic Hyperostosis ◽  
First Report ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Cribra Orbitalia ◽  
Linear Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
Grave Goods

During the sixteenth–eighteenth excavation seasons, cemetery WBN C260 at the archaeological site of Wad Ben Naga (Sudan) yielded the remains of fourteen individuals, both adult and non-adult. The burials, tentatively dated as post-Meroitic/Christian, were oriented to the north or north-west, with scarce grave goods, simple substructures, and no identified superstructures. Anthropological analysis revealed non-specific signs of stress including porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia, linear enamel hypoplasia, and endocranial lesions known as serpens endocrania symmetrica.

scholarly journals Study of collection accessions of the fiber flax gene pool according to the main agronomic characters in the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-530
Author(s):  
Aleksander D. Stepin ◽  
Michail N. Rysev ◽  
Tamara A. Ryseva ◽  
Svetlana V. Utkina ◽  
Nadezhda V. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
North West ◽  
Fiber Flax ◽  
The North ◽  
Fiber Yield ◽  
The Russian Federation

Studies on the evaluation of 20 fiber flax accessions of Russian, Chinese, Japanese and Polish breeding from the collection of the Federal Research Center "All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N. I. Vavilov" (VIR) were conducted in 2018-2020 in order to identify the sources of agronomic valuable characters that are adaptive to the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation. The HTC for the growing season in 2018 was 0.95, in 2019 – 1.53 and in 2020-1.1. Abiotic conditions had a greater influence on the formation of plant height (59.6 %), seed yield (60 %) and fiber content in plants (55.1 %), but the influence of the genotype on these indicators was also significant. The effect size of the genotype prevailed in the formation of fiber yield (67.2 %) and the duration of the growing season (52.8 %). The variability of characters was the greatest according to the seed yield (V = 6.7-33.9 %), disease resistance (V = 3.1-26.5 %); the lowest one was noted according to the duration of the growing season (V = 4.4-9.7 %). For the rest characters, it was at the level of up to 20 %. A valuable and plastic source material was identified for practical breeding aimed at creating new varieties with the following characters: early maturity – K-8680 (Russia), K-8782, K-8783 (Japan), which matured 3 days earlier than the Dobrynya standard and had a growing period of 67 days; productivity – K-8651, K-8760, K-8795, K-8797, K-8874, K-8877 (China), which significantly exceeded the fiber yield of the Dobrynya variety (241 g/m2) by 8-14 %. There were identified genotypes significantly exceeding the standard: according to the plant height (82 cm) ‒ K-8681 (Russia), K-8751, K-8794, K-8795, K-8754 (China) ‒ by 12-25 %; yield of flax straw (241 g/m2) – K-8681 (Russia), K-8751, K-8794, K-8795, K-8874, K-8880 (China) – by 25-40 %; seed yield (149 g/m2) ‒ K-8680 (Russia), K-8772 (Poland), K-8782 (Japan) – by 10-23 %; resistance to lodging (9 samples) and diseases (7 samples). Use of the identified gene sources in breeding practice should accelerate the creation of varieties that provide high and stable yields.

scholarly journals Preparations used in the fight against wireworms and aphids on potato

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
O. V. Dolzhenko ◽  
M. N. Shorokhov ◽  
O. A. Krivchenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Registration

In the North-West region of the Russian Federation, studies have been conducted to study the biological efficacy of combination products in the fight against wireworms and aphids - carriers of viruses on potatoes. Studied the effectiveness of new products not yet included in the State catalog of pesticides: Bombard, CS (130+90+60 g/l), Wibrans Max, CS (262.5+25+25 g/l), as well as combined insecticides - by spraying during the growing season - Dexter, KS (115+106 g/l) and Eforia, KS (106+141 g/l). These preparations provide effective protection of potatoes against wireworms and aphids and can be recommended for use after their state registration and inclusion in the State Catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals On the biocontrol by Trichoderma afroharzianum against Fusarium culmorum responsible of fusarium head blight and crown rot of wheat in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Bouanaka ◽  
Ines Bellil ◽  
Wahiba Harrat ◽  
Saoussene Boussaha ◽  
Abdelkader Benbelkacem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Progress Curve

Abstract Background Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most important cereals in the world. Unfortunately, the wheat plant is a target of several species of the genus Fusarium. This genus causes two serious diseases: fusarium crown rot (FCR) and fusarium head blight (FHB). The search for new indigenous strains of Trichoderma with a high potential for biocontrol against these two diseases was the purpose of this study. Results Biocontrol potential of 15 isolates of Trichoderma (T1 to T15), isolated from different rhizosphere soils and Algerian ecosystems, was evaluated against 4 strains of Fusarium culmorum (FC11, FC2, FC4, and FC20); the main causative agent of FCR and FHB. The efficacy of biological control by Trichoderma spp., evaluated by in vitro tests (direct and indirect confrontation), was confirmed by in vivo bioassays. The in vitro results showed a significant inhibition of mycelial growth of F. culmorum species than the control. The highest percentages of inhibition were obtained by T9, T12, and T14 isolates causing a maximum inhibition percentage of 81.81, 77.27, and 80.68%, respectively. T14 was selected for biocontrol in in vivo testing. A tube and pot experiments for FCR against F. culmorum showed that T14 decreased the disease severity with 50 and 63.63% reduction, respectively. FHB infection was significantly reduced by T14 in all durum wheat cultivars tested, where %AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) reduction was 49.77, 43.43, 48.25, and 74.60% for Simeto, Waha, Bousselem, and Setifis genotypes, respectively. Yields also increased significantly for almost all cultivars. The antagonistic T14 was characterized based on molecular tools, using translation elongation factor1-alpha (TEF1-α) and internal transcribed spacers rDNA (ITS1). The results identified T14 as T. afroharzianum with accession numbers attributed by NCBI GenBank as MW171248 and MW159753. Conclusions Trichoderma afroharzianum, evaluated for the first time in Algeria as biocontrol agent, is a promising biocontrol approach against FCR and FHB.

Temporal and spatial co-occurrence in spawning and larval release of Cliona viridis (Porifera: Hadromerida)

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mariani ◽  
M.P. Piscitelli ◽  
M.-J. Uriz
Keyword(s):  
Larval Release ◽  
Maternal Tissue ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
First Report ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Rocky Coast ◽  
Excavating Sponge

This is the first report of egg release by the oviparous excavating sponge Cliona viridis. Adult specimens of excavating (α) and massive (β) sponge forms for the presence of oocytes were monitored from 11 May to 12 July 2000, in a shallow-rocky coast of the north-west Mediterranean. The immediate environment around the sponge was sampled for the presence of eggs. Spawning occurred synchronously in the study area at temperatures above 19°C. Oocytes were released in clusters enclosed in adhesive maternal tissue. They contained symbiotic zooxanthellae. Free, adhesive egg-masses drifted in the water or adhered to erect algae in the vicinity of the sponge. Morula stages and larval release are described.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium culmorum Causing Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat in Wisconsin

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Mueller ◽  
C. L. Groves ◽  
D. Holtz ◽  
A. Deutsch ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals FcRav2 , a gene with a ROGDI domain involved in Fusarium head blight and crown rot on durum wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Spanu ◽  
Barbara Scherm ◽  
Irene Camboni ◽  
Virgilio Balmas ◽  
Giovanna Pani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight
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