Wrongful conception po raz pierwszy na wokandzie Sądu Najwyższego

The article closely analyses the very first wrongful conception action brought before the Polish Supreme Court in 2003. The court recognized the case as a precedent. When justifying its verdict it largely referred to the foreign case law and doctrine. The judgment clearly distinguished between the sheer fact of a baby being born as a generally positive event and the possible liability of a medical professional in wrongful conception cases, which allows for such cases to be heard before Polish courts. The judgment also established the scope of possible compensation as all expenses related to the pregnancy and birth and the loss of income stemming from them. Furthermore, the court established the right to seek moral compensation as a part of wrongful conception action claims. The judgment served as a trailblazer for future wrongful conception and wrongful birth verdicts.

USE OF CIDR AND ESTRADIOL CYPIONATE IN SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOLS ON ESTRUS PRESENTATION, PREGNANCY AND BIRTH RATE IN CREOLE SHEEP UNDER HIGH ALTITUDE CONDITIONS

The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of the intravaginal device (CIDR) and estradiol cypionate in synchronization protocols, on oestrus presentation, pregnancy and birth rate in Creole sheep under high altitude conditions. The study was carried out in a non-reproductive season, in the peruvian highlands, using 57 ewes. Four experimental groups were formed: group T1 (n=14) and T3 (n=14), CIDR progesterone device for 7 days and 12 days, respectively; group T2 (n=15) and T4 (n=14), CIDR progesterone device for 7 days and 12 days plus 1 mg of estradiol cypionate, 24 hours after removal of the device in both groups, respectively. Estrous presentation was observed from CIDR removal to 48 hours using vasectomized rams and IATF was performed with fresh semen 48 hours after device removal. The pregnancy rate was determined by ultrasonography at 46 and 90 days after FTAI and the birth rate was recorded. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups, for estrous presentation, but there was difference (P<0.05) for pregnancy rate at 46 days between groups with: T1 (42.9%), T3 (38.5%), T4 (21.4%), with respect to T2 (0%) (The difference in results are shown in Table 2). There was a difference (P<0.05) for the pregnancy rate at 90 days: T1 (35.7%) and T3 (30.8%), with respect to T4 (7.1%) and T2 (0 %). The birth rate showed differences (P<0.05) for T1 (28.6%) and T3 (28.6%), with respect to T2 (0%) and T4 (0%). In conclusion, a high pregnancy rate was obtained with CIDR for 7 and 12 days, compared to the use of CIDR plus estradiol cypionate. However, no births were obtained with progesterone plus estradiol cypionate treatment.

The Impact of Reproduction Health Education Using Peer Mentoring Method Towards the Knowledge Level of Patients with Sexuality Transmitted Infection

Sexuality transmitted infections are often also reffered to as veneral diseases. The spread can be from blood, sperm, or can also be transmitted from mother to fetus during pregnancy and birth, and through the blood and body tissues. In addition, spread can also without sexual intercourse, it can be from the use of syringes repeatedly or alternately, among people, as well as the risk of transmitting infection. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of reproduction health education using peer mentoring method towards the knowledge level of patients with sexuality transmitted infection. The study used one group pretest-posttest design. The data was collected by using a questionnaire. The respondent was selected by using total sampling technique and 27 respondents were obtained. The data was analyzed by using the Wilcoxon test. The result of the  value = 0,000, which meant  value < α (α = 0.05) there was an effect of reproduction health education using peer mentoring method towards the knowledge level of patients with sexuality transmitted infection. For researchers, next expected can be used as information to developed a method of information in other research.

Place-based approaches to improve health and development outcomes in young children: A scoping review

This scoping review examines the strength of evidence for the effectiveness of public policy-led place-based initiatives designed to improve outcomes for disadvantaged children, their families and the communities in which they live. Study designs and methods for evaluating such place-based initiatives were assessed, along with the contexts in which initiatives were implemented and evaluated. Thirty-two reports relating to 12 initiatives were included. Eleven initiatives used a quasi-experimental evaluation to assess impact, although there were considerable design variations within this. The remaining initiative used a pre- and post- evaluation design. Place-based initiatives by definition aim to improve multiple and interrelated outcomes. We examined initiatives to determine what outcomes were measured and coded them within the five domains of pregnancy and birth, child, parent, family and community. Across the 83 outcomes reported in the 11 studies with a comparison group, 30 (36.4%) demonstrated a positive outcome, and all but one initiative demonstrated a positive outcome in at least one outcome measure. Of the six studies that examined outcomes more than once post baseline, 10 from 38 outcomes (26.3%) demonstrated positive sustained results. Many initiatives were affected by external factors such as policy and funding changes, with unknown impact on their effectiveness. Despite the growth of place-based initiatives to improve outcomes for disadvantaged children, the evidence for their effectiveness remains inconclusive.

To Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Mid-Wife Led Continuity of Care Model (MLCC) on Final Year Nursing Students

Background: In many parts of the world, midwives are the primary providers of care for childbearing women. There are considerable variations in the organisation of midwifery services and in the education and role of midwives. Childbearing women are often faced with different opinions as to which option might be best for them. The midwife‐led continuity model of care is based on the premise that pregnancy and birth are normal life events. Pregnancy and birth are significant life events for women and their families and midwife supports a woman throughout pregnancy, birth, and the postnatal period. So, the demand for services that are family friendly, women focused, safe and accessible is increasing. Objectives: 1) To assess the existing knowledge regarding mid-wife led continuity of care model on final year nursing students. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge regarding mid-wife led continuity of care model (MLCC) on final year nursing students. 3) To find out the association between knowledge regarding mid-wife led continuity of care model (MLCC) with selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: In this study, evaluatory research approach and one group pre-test post-test research design was used. The study was conducted at a Selected Nursing College. The sample was collected from final year nursing students (120) by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Results: In this study the study of the findings shows that 10.83% had good level of knowledge score in pre-test. While in post-test, out of 120 subjects the majority of the subjects and 92.50% had good level of knowledge score. This statistically shows that there is profound level of improvement on knowledge. Conclusion: Hence, this implies that the planned teaching was effective. Also, the study shows that the knowledge scores of final year nursing students is associated with the age in year and course of study. Hence, this means that greater the number of age in years and the course, greater level of knowledge scores. However, gender was not found to be associated.

Pregnancy and birth cohorts in Europe

A birth cohort study is a form of study that uses expectant mothers and newborn as research subjects. This form of research is suitable for epidemiological studies, which pregnancy and birth cohort studies generally are. Data is collected in order to identify health consequences and overall health outcomes. The main aim of this paper is to review and summarize all cohort studies that have been carried out or are still being conducted in Europe, as well as general information such as aim of the study, number of participants and duration of follow-up. Gathering information was made easier by websites such as Birthcohorts, CHICOS and LifeCycle, where many of the cohorts and their sources are listed. The remaining data was found by searching Google Scholar, PubMed and similar webpages, using keywords ‘birth and pregnancy cohorts’, ‘infants’, ‘pregnancies’, ‘allergies’ and ‘childhood obesity’. Overall, 137 cohorts in 27 countries were found. They are a great and important source of information and for the most part, concentrate on general health and wellbeing of mothers and children. Collaboration between different birth cohorts is crucial for further harmonization of collected data and their use in the public health systems worldwide

The Sociological Meaning of Pregnancy and Baby Birth Ceremonies in Javanese People in Buntu Pane Village Asahan

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has a variety of customs and habits. One of the customs and habits that exist in several places, namely cultural rituals during pregnancy and birth in Buntu Pane Village, is one of the villages that implements the Javanese tradition of pregnancy and birth ceremonies. This study aims to describe the process of a series of pregnancy ceremonies until delivery. In this study using qualitative methods, the method of collecting data by means of participatory observation, and in-depth interviews. In this study, several things were found, namely (1) traditional pregnancy ceremonies such as telonan and tingkeban. (2) Post-natal traditional ceremonies, namely brokohan, sepasaran and selapanan. (3) There is also a tradition of pounding bayen and baby chomping. (4) There is a symbolic meaning of offerings and offerings contained in a series of pregnancy and postpartum ceremonies. The conclusion in this study is the sociological meaning of all rituals and traditions that are believed and carried out only with the aim of gaining salvation to God Almighty. Besides that, it also preserves ancestral traditions and maintains balance and happiness in life, namely a safe and peaceful condition without interference from other creatures or the natural surroundings.