Application based Android as a Development of German Learning Media at Level A1 and its Effectiveness

This research aims to develop German learning application, namely Deutschlernen which can be downloaded on Playstore. In addition, this research also aims to know the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of German Language Learning Media based on Android’s Deutschlernen. The research method used in this application is a research and developing method ADDIE Model with 5 Steps like analysis, design, development, implementation and Evaluation to improve the language ability to guess an available answer through pictures, vocabulary, expressions, dialogue, grammar, practice questions, quizzes and puzzles that use German. All German learning materials for beginners will be packaged in an application (Deutschlernen) which can be accessed and downloaded by using Playstore in a smartphone, so that this research can be used not only for German language students, but also for the general public who wants to learn German. Through the educational game Deutschlernen, German learners will be enabled to improve their vocabularies, to memorize some useful expressions, to understand the rule of German grammar by mastering German language learning material at level A1 help the students to improve their German language skills quickly and easily. Based on the result of the research, it can be known that the Deutschlernen Android application contains level A1 German learning materials, featuring grammar, vocabulary (Wortschatz) and useful phrases (Redemittel) and is a very flexible learning medium because it can be accessed anywhere via the Playstore.

Analysis of Indications for Electrotherapy Using Classification Trees

Electrotherapy is a dynamically developing method of treatment of sinus node dysfunction and atrioventricular conduction disturbances. It is an extremely important method used in the treatment of heart failure. The aim of this paper was to use classification trees for the differentiation between patients implanted with one of the three electrotherapy devices, i.e. SC-VVI/AAI, DC-DDD, ICD/CRT. The analysed data concerned 2071 patients who underwent implantation or device replacement procedures in the years 2010–2018, hospitalized in a coronary care unit. CART-type classification trees with 5-fold cross-validation were used for the analysis. The decision concerning the choice of a particular electrotherapy device is always made based on the latest guidelines and the patient’s clinical condition. The used classification trees may enable verification of the state of implementation of guidelines in real-life therapeutic decisions.

Pola Komunikasi Edukasi di Koperasi Unit Desa dan di Koperasi Pondok Pesantren

The purpose of this research is to describe the differences between the pattern of educational communication in the Village Unit Cooperatives (KUDs) and that in the Traditional Iskamic Boarding School Cooperatives (Kopontrens) in West Java Province, Indonesia. The research was carried out with qualitative approach on 12 KUDs and 12 Kopontrrens in West Java Province, Indonesia. The idea of research was based on the International and Indonesian Cooperative Principles which obliges the cooperatives to arrange cooperative education program for the cooperative’s members and based on the facts of cultural background differences between KUDs and Kopontrens. The result of the research indicated that educational communication in the Kopontrens is stronger than that in the KUDs because the process of educational communication process in the Kopontrens has become a standardized educational program, so that the elements of communication process consisting of “who says what to whom in which channel, in what effect and environtment” has become a package of the educational communication curriculum in Kopontrens. This could explain why the members’ participation in the Kopontrens is better than that in the KUDs. This result of the study could give social and policy implication for developing method of members educatin in the KUDs in Indonesia.

Kajian Pustaka: Sumber Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Vaskular

Increasing amount of vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the pathogenesis of almost all stages of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infartion, etc. This paper aimed to present a brief review of the important vascular sources of ROS. Vascular ROS is mainly produced by enzymatic sources in the vascular cells, i.e. phagocytic inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages), and nonphagocytic cells (endothelium, smooth muscle cell and fibroblast). Enzymatic sources of vascular ROS are NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, eNOS, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, and mitochondrial electron transport. In conclusion, over production of ROS induce oxidative burst and will be detrimental for cardiovascular health. A better understanding of ROS would be worwhile for developing method for preventing CVD based on ROS inhibition.

Home Artificial Nutrition in Polish Children: An Analysis of 9-Year National Healthcare Provider Data

Background: Home artificial nutrition (HAN) is a developing method of treatment that reduces the need for hospitalizations. The epidemiology of pediatric HAN in Poland has not yet been covered in detail. This study is a longitudinal nationwide analysis of incidence, prevalence, and patients’ profile for HAN in Polish children. Methods: Assessment of National Health Fund (NFZ) data covering all pediatric patients treated with HAN in Poland between 2010 and 2018. Results: HAN was received by 4426 children, 65 patients were on home enteral nutrition (HEN) or home parenteral nutrition (HPN) at different times (HEN n = 3865, HPN n = 626). HAN was most frequently started before the child was 3 years old and long-term HAN programs (5–9 years) were reported. The most common principal diagnosis in HEN was food-related symptoms and signs. In HPN, it was postoperative gastrointestinal disorders. A regionally differentiated prevalence of HAN patients and centers was demonstrated. Mortality among patients was 24.9% for HEN, and 9.6% for HPN, and the main in-hospital cause of death was cardiac arrest. Conclusions: HAN’s use is increasing and evolving in Poland. Uneven distribution of patients and centers results in difficult access to the nutritional procedure which, together with the increasing number of patients, highlights the need for data analysis and development of nutrition centers.

A case for complexity-informed participatory action research with young people

This article addresses the fundamental issue of using qualitative research methods that encourage young people’s participation in settings that more commonly promote neoliberalism at the expense of social justice. Through a case study in an English primary school, it demonstrates how complexity-informed participatory action research could be advanced to enable young people’s participation rights, by building intergenerational relationships that reposition young people and adults within systems and by revealing local and global complexities involved in conceptualising transformational resistance. The developing method is discussed providing an original contribution to knowledge and practice in research with young people, with potential to reconcile schooling and socially just strategy.

Solid-state construction of zig-zag periphery via intramolecular C-H insertion induced by alumina-mediated C-F activation

Caryl-F bond activation has become an important and quickly developing method for construction of carbon-based materials. We report that alumina-mediated C-F bond activation (AmCFA) enables construction of PAHs with zig-zag...