Ecological Cognitive Analysis of Chinese Harmonious Discourse

This study is concerned with cognitively and consciously enacting a new dialectical opposite-unity approach into Chinese harmonious discourse (CHD) analysis in an ecological perspective, which contributed to converting antagonistic thinking between human and nature into an ecological harmonious one cultivated into an unconscious state. The method applied is primarily the theoretical analysis and interpretation, due to the newness of this subject and the lack of corpus data. The motivation of this paper is evoked by the discovery of various cognition dissonances and insufficiencies with the academic development of newly born ecolinguistics. On a micro or specified level, this paper presents a cutting-edge example of an ecologically cognitive approach to the analysis of CHD, based on Chinese dialectical opposite-unity philosophy, to construct a higher-level cognition mechanism into a habitually unconscious thinking state. Such a mechanism has its practical significance in devoting to alleviating the ecological crisis by a change in ways of thinking, mediating cognitive dissonance brought about by the crisis, and improving the one-sided cognition deficiency brought about by ways of antagonistic thinking in order to maintain the ecological harmony. The theoretical significance lies in it demonstrating the cognitive process about how the unconscious ecological harmony cognition is cultivated by the conscious operational opposite-unity cognition procedure, with the ultimate purpose to achieve and maintain a real ecological harmony, under the cross-cultural background.

Smart Helmet

Road accidents are increasing day by day because the riders are not using the helmet and due to consumption of alcohol. In today's world, huge numbers of people are dying on road accidents. By using smart helmet, the accidents can be detected. The main target of the project is designing a smart helmet for accident avoidance and alcohol detection. The features of the Smart Helmet are wearing helmet, detection of alcohol, detection of accident. If the person is not wearing helmet the bike will not start and it displays on the LCD. The alcohol sensor recognizes the alcoholic substance in the rider's breath. If the person is drunk then alcohol sensor detects it and displays on the LCD and the bike will not start. If there is no detection of alcohol then the bike starts. If there is no sign of alcoholic substance present and helmet is used, only then the bike will start. The bike will not start if any of the two conditions is violated. If an accident is occurred then it is detected by Vibration sensor and alarm is activated. If the person is in conscious state, then the person can off the alarm and no message is sent to the saved numbers. If the person is in unconscious state, then message will be sent to the saved numbers in GSM module and sends the location to them by GPS. With the use of Smart Helmet, accident rate can be reduced.

Dr. Albert Green. - A Case of Post-Mortem Parturition. - (Lancet., 1895, 5 / i, p. 27). - A case of childbirth after death (with eversion of the uterus and rupture of the perineum).

A 20-year-old girl, so obese that her parents, with whom she lived, did not suppress her pregnancy, which had reached a normal term, suddenly fell ill with a headache; at night she had convulsions. The invited doctor found her in an unconscious state; seizures of convulsions were 3-4 times per hour, more tonic than clonic in nature, the tongue was bitten, the pupils were dilated. The doctor suspected poisoning with some kind of alkoloid. In the morning the patient died without being destroyed. Two women, who washed the deceased and laid her on the table, did not suppress her child's emergence; they covered her with a sheet, which there was no reason to reveal for two days, until the forensic medical examination of the corpse by Dr. Green. The last one, having removed the sheet, saw that between the legs of the deceased lay a dead newborn child, legs down, with the head at the mother's genitals, that is, with the buttocks presented; a fleshy round mass protruded from the genital organs of the deceased, which turned out to be the bottom of the uterus turned upside down and not separated from it after the house; the umbilical cord was very short. Traces of bleeding or clots were not detected. The perineum of the parturient woman was torn. Her belly was very swollen, and when she was punctured, a huge amount of gas came out of it. There were no pathological phenomena in the organs of the abdomen and chest. Strychnine was not found in the stomach and intestines sent to the chemical laboratory.

Gustav Woyer. (From the clinic of Prof. Schauta). - A case of eclampsia in mother and child. - (Centr. F. Gynaec., No. 13, 1895)

The course and therapy of this case is so interesting that I will allow myself to give a detailed abstract of it. 30-year-old, first childbirth, delivered to the clinic in an unconscious state. According to relatives, she had 2 convulsive seizures during the last 2 hours. Soon after arrival, a new one came - the third seizure of convulsions, 5 minutes in duration, characteristic of eclampsia. The pulse rate is about 120 per minute, severe tracheal wheezing, foam at the mouth, deep cyanosis, soporosis. After some time, my condition improved somewhat. Pulse 96 beats, breathing 36 per minute superficial. The catheter was delivered 30 ccm. concentrated, dark brown urine, containing 9 , according to Essbachy, protein, and in the sediment had numerous granular and epithelial casts.

Surrealism, Chance and the Extended Mind

This chapter discusses how the Surrealists engaged with techniques like automatic drawing, the exquisite corpse, collage, frottage and decalcomania, and how this might be interpreted in the context of theories of distributed cognition, enactivism, embodiment, and the extended mind. The Surrealists’ use of ‘objective chance’ was driven by a belief in the existence of an unconscious state of mind which could only be accessed obliquely, by using techniques which bypassed both artistic skill and conscious thought. ‘Where does the mind stop and the rest of the world begin?’. This question is posed by Clark and Chalmers (1998) as an introduction to the concept of the extended mind, but it could just as well be the very question the Surrealists were trying to address in their search for a universal truth, the key to which they believed to be the unconscious mind as defined by Freud.

A case of acute inversion of the uterus, occurring on the 3rd day after childbirth

Three days after the correct (5th) birth with twins, after a tight screwing of the abdomen (local custom), the parturient woman developed a rapid breakdown: a semi-unconscious state, pulse 140, at normal temperature.

Sleep-learning Impairs Subsequent Awake-learning

Although we can learn new information while asleep, we cannot consciously remember the sleep-formed memories because learning occurred in an unconscious state. Here, we ask whether sleep-learning expedites the subsequent awake-learning of the same information. To answer this question, we reanalyzed data (Züst et al., 2019, Curr Biol) from napping participants, who learned new semantic associations between fake foreign-words and translation-words (guga-ship) while in slow-wave sleep. They retrieved sleep-formed associations unconsciously on an implicit memory test following awakening. Then, participants took five runs of paired-associative learning to probe carry-over effects of sleep-learning on awake-learning. Surprisingly, sleep-learning diminished awake-learning when participants learned semantic associations that were congruent to sleep-learned associations (guga-boat). Yet, learning associations that conflicted with sleep-learned associations (guga-coin) was unimpaired relative to learning new associations (resun-table; baseline). We speculate that the impeded wake-learning originated in a deficient synaptic downscaling and resulting synaptic saturation in neurons that were activated during both sleep-learning and awake-learning.

Head Injury and Parkinson Disease: Updated Evidence from Meta-Analysis Studies

Background Published studies on head injury and Parkinson's risk(PD) were inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis study to explore the association.Methods We retrieved articles published in English from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2019. The pooled effect of head injury and PD risk was calculated by a random effect model.Results In the meta-analysis, there were 21 studies, including 214763 individuals and 39209 PD patients. The pooled OR estimates(ORs) showed an increased risk of PD was correlated with head injury(OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.29–1.66). Considering the unconscious state, head injury with LOC showed significant association with PD(OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.28–1.74). However, head injury without LOC had no significant association with PD (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.29–1.12). Sensitivity analysis showed that, when any one study was excluded, the results did not change significantly.Conclusions Our research shows that head injury was associated with PD risk.This study provides a basis and reference for further study on head injury and PD.

Information Integration and Mesoscopic Cortical Connectivity during Propofol Anesthesia

Background The neurophysiologic mechanisms of propofol-induced loss of consciousness have been studied in detail at the macro (scalp electroencephalogram) and micro (spiking or local field potential) scales. However, the changes in information integration and cortical connectivity during propofol anesthesia at the mesoscopic level (the cortical scale) are less clear. Methods The authors analyzed electrocorticogram data recorded from surgical patients during propofol-induced unconsciousness (n = 9). A new information measure, genuine permutation cross mutual information, was used to analyze how electrocorticogram cross-electrode coupling changed with electrode-distances in different brain areas (within the frontal, parietal, and temporal regions, as well as between the temporal and parietal regions). The changes in cortical networks during anesthesia—at nodal and global levels—were investigated using clustering coefficient, path length, and nodal efficiency measures. Results In all cortical regions, and in both wakeful and unconscious states (early and late), the genuine permutation cross mutual information and the percentage of genuine connections decreased with increasing distance, especially up to about 3 cm. The nodal cortical network metrics (the nodal clustering coefficients and nodal efficiency) decreased from wakefulness to unconscious state in the cortical regions we analyzed. In contrast, the global cortical network metrics slightly increased in the early unconscious state (the time span from loss of consciousness to 200 s after loss of consciousness), as compared with wakefulness (normalized average clustering coefficient: 1.05 ± 0.01 vs. 1.06 ± 0.03, P = 0.037; normalized average path length: 1.02 ± 0.01 vs. 1.04 ± 0.01, P = 0.021). Conclusions The genuine permutation cross mutual information reflected propofol-induced coupling changes measured at a cortical scale. Loss of consciousness was associated with a redistribution of the pattern of information integration; losing efficient global information transmission capacity but increasing local functional segregation in the cortical network. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New