An Analysis of Code Switching in Boy William’s Vlog on Youtube

Today there are many people can speak more than one language. It makes them can switch from one language to others in one speech event. This paper explainstypes of code switching, factors that influence the use of code switching and the function of code switching Boy William’s Vlog. The research belongs to qualitative research. The data are in form of utterances spoken by the Boy William and his guests. The data are collected by observation. It is done by watching and recording the video and writing the data. Then dataare analyzed by content analysis. The steps in analyzing data are: selecting data, interpreting and drawing conclusion. The results shows that there are three types of code switching found, that are Intra-Sentential, Inter-Sentential and Tag Switching. Meanwhile, there are four factors that affect code switching; Participant, Solidarity, Status and Topic. While the function of code switching, six functions were found; Talking about Particular topics, Interjection, Express Solidarity, Intention of Clarifying The Speech Content for Interlocutors, Repetition Used for Clarification and Express Group Identification. Keywords:Types of code switching, Factors of code switching, Functions of code switching, Vlog.

THE The Realization of Lecturers’ Code-Switching in English Teaching and Learning Process At Dian Nuswantoro Univesity

This study was focused on the analysis of code-switching occurred in the English teaching and learning process at non-English major class. This study examined the code-switching forms and functions of code-switching in the classroom. This study focuses on the analysis of code-switching occurred in the English teaching and learning process at non-English department class. This study examines the forms and functions of code-switching in the classroom at the lecturing process of English major as conduced at non-English department of Dian Nuswantoro university. Findings of the study showed that (1) the teaching learning process of non-English department class at Dian Nuswantoro university students employed various kinds of code-switching both by lecturers and the students with the dominant used was inter-sentential code-switching/full sentence code-switching. (2) there were various functions of code-switching utilized by the lecturer and students in the lecturing process, such as put an interjection in the middle of speech, to give emphasis toward certain topic, to repeat the speech, to give more description about certain topic, to talk about particular topic, to soften and straighten the request or command, to exclude others from the discussion, to express group identity, and to quote somebody’s utterances. Further studies hopefully can explore deeply about code-switching where lecturers teach English department students and uncover the lecturer and students’ perception on the occurrence of code-switching as the comparison to this current study.

Code-switching Llibre dels Fets: Language ideology in the 13th century Crown of Aragon

In this article, I explore code-switching in Llibre dels Fets (a 13th century chronicle that narrates the life and deeds of king James I of Aragon) from a glottopolitical perspective in order to uncover the linguistic ideologies reflected in the text through this phenomenon. Code-switching in contemporary Romance languages, as well as in Latin and Arabic, is found throughout the text, mostly within reported speech. Through the analysis of these fragments and the analysis of the labels used to refer to each of these varieties, it is shown that: (i) different varieties are used to express either allegiance (Catalan and Occitan) or opposition (Western Ibero-Romance) to the figure of the King, and that that Aragonese was erased as a language of the Crown of Aragon; (ii) code-switching in Latin is used to confer authority to the discourse; (iii) code-switching in the Romance languages is a mechanism to express group membership; and finally (iv) that mutual intelligibility between Catalan and the attested contemporary Romance varieties is assumed at the time of composition of the text.

Effect of contemporary retraction agents and cleaning with hydrogen peroxide on the polymerization of elastomeric impression materials

The aim of the study is to investigate the polymerization inhibition of elastomeric impression materials vinylpoly siloxane (VPS) and polyether (PE) when used in combination with retraction materials with and without subsequent cleaning with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methods: Seven stainless steel specimens were fabricated. Four hundred and twenty impressions were made with three different elastomeric materials (140 each) as follows: group 1: VPS-Panasil; group 2: VPS-Express; group 3: PE-Monophase. Each material group was further subdivided into seven subgroups, based on use of no retraction material (control), three different retraction materials [Retraction capsule (RC3M), Dryz, Expasyl], and two cleaning techniques (water and H2O2). All subgroups included 20 impressions, which were made by a single operator using an automix gun. Evaluations were made using a visual scale by three calibrated examiners blindly and independently. Subjective categorization of the impressions were made as inhibited and uninhibited. Data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Inhibited impressions were lower than uninhibited impressions among VPS materials (Panasil and Express); Panasil and Express showed comparable ( p > 0.05) impression retardation. PE showed significantly higher inhibition compared to VPS materials ( p < 0.05). Expasyl showed significantly higher polymerization inhibition than other retraction materials ( p < 0.05). The use of H2O2 for cleaning showed significant reduction in polymerization inhibition than cleaning with water for Expasyl ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Overall contemporary retraction materials showed low potential for polymerization inhibition of elastomeric impression materials. Expasyl should be cleaned with H2O2 prior to impression making. However, Dryz and RC3M can show accurate impressions with water cleaning alone.

Comparison of ExPress Implantation and Partial Deep Sclerectomy Combined with ExPress Implantation and Simultaneous Phacoemulsification

Background. To compare the effectiveness and safety profile of ExPress implantation versus partial deep sclerectomy combined with ExPress implantation and simultaneous phacoemulsification. Patients and Methods. A prospective, randomized control study with 24-month follow-up was performed. 114 eyes were included, of which 42 eyes underwent phacoemulsification with simultaneous implantation of the Ex-Press device (ExPress), and deep sclerectomy with phacoemulsification and simultaneous implantation of the Ex-Press device (DS-ExPress) was performed in 72 eyes. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), the number of antiglaucoma medications, and the rate of complications. Surgical success was defined as complete (without antiglaucoma medications) with IOP ≤18 mmHg in criterion A, IOP ≤16 mmHg in criterion B, and IOP ≤12 mmHg in criterion C. Satisfactory success was defined as the same IOP levels for individual criteria with a maximum of 2 antiglaucoma medications. Results. Before the procedure, mean IOP in the ExPress group was 17.5 ± 4.7 mmHg; after 24 months, it decreased by 13% to 16.0 ± 3.0 mmHg (P<0.05). In the DS-ExPress group, mean IOP reduced from 16.3 ± 4.4 mmHg to 14.3 ± 3.3 mmHg (P<0.05), which was a 9% reduction compared to the initial value. In the DS-ExPress group, 65.9% of the patients did not use topical pharmacotherapy, and the same is true for 29.2% of the ExPress group (P=0.004). Conclusions. This modification is efficient in surgical treatment of glaucoma, especially when very low postoperative IOP is needed. A less amount of antiglaucoma medicines are needed.

Tinjauan Intrinsik Dua Lakon Drama Konvensional dan Inkonvensional Putu Wijaya: Bila Malam Bertambah Malam dan Edan

The result of research shows that Putu Wijaya has been done reformer in writing play drama, that is conventional form become inconventional form. The reformer that Putu Wijaya done in writing play drama can be identified 1) conventional plot commonly linear and intimate, while inconventional plot is random or loose; 2) conventional plot depend on the development of problem and conflict, while inconventional plot problem show and gone without solution; 3) conventional dialog drama is reformed from dialog to show individual character player become dialog that express group character; 4) conventional drama individu player express certain individu character, while inconventional drama player express certain group character; 5) conventional drama have explicit identity and show certain character, while inconventional player known as sociology and physiology identity; and 6) conventional player character so influence the beauty player structure, while inconventional player character the player can’t be growth following the plot.

CODE MIXING USED BY ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDENTS OF THE SEVENTH SEMESTERS IN DR.SOETOMO UNIVERSITY

Study entitled "Code Mixing Used by English Literature Students of the Seventh Semester in Dr. Soetomo University" is a sosoiolinguistic study. The selection of objects is based on the environment of Indonesian and English bilingual languages in a circle of seventh semester English literature students at Universitas Dr. Soetomo. This thesis uses descriptive qualitative method. This study aims to determine the type of Code Mixing and the reasons of using code mixing by employing Hoffman's theory. Finally, it was revealed in the findings that the most dominant type of code mixing were Used by English Literature Students of the Seventh Semester In Dr. Soetomo University is Intra-Sentential Code-mixing in the form of phrases. Meanwhile, the dominant intra-lexical code mixing found is verb. As a whole, code mixing is found in the form of inserting English codes into Indonesian utterances. Involving changes to pronunciation only shows four data. This research also reveals the most dominant reasons for using code mixing among seventh semester students is to express group identity. Keywords: Sociolinguistic, Bilingual and Code-Mixing.

Comparison of ExPress Mini-Device Implantation Alone or Combined with Phacoemulsification for the Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma

We propose comparative assessment of the effectiveness of two surgical methods for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma: (1) ExPress mini-device implantation combined with phacoemulsification and (2) ExPress mini-device implantation alone. In this prospective study, 81 patients (88 phakic eyes) with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma enrolled for surgery. They were assigned two groups, those with coexisting cataracts (46 eyes; P-ExPress group) and those with glaucoma alone (42 eyes; ExPress group). The follow-up period was 12.9 ± 0.4 months in P-ExPress and 12.2 ± 0.6 months in ExPress group. In both groups the following parameters were measured: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), number of complications and necessary postoperative interventions, and number of glaucoma medications. The IOP at the end of follow-up was similar in both groups (18.8 ± 5.9 versus 18.1 ± 4.8 mmHg;P=0.814). There were no statistical differences in the average number of glaucoma medications between ExPress and P-ExPress groups (0.9 ± 1.65 versus 1.3 ± 1.7;P=0.419) as well as in the number of postoperative complications (26 versus 21%;P=0.179in the P-ExPress and ExPress groups, resp.). Both methods are safe and effective for the surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma. Coexistence of cataracts does not constitute a compelling contraindication for combined surgery.

Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Combined Phaco-ExPress and Phacotrabeculectomy in Open Angle Glaucoma Treatment: 12-Month Follow-Up

Purpose of the Study. To compare the efficacy and safety of phacotrabeculectomy (P-Trab) and phacoemulsification with the ExPress (P-ExPress) mini glaucoma shunt implantation.Study Plan. Prospective randomized study.Material and Methods. 85 eyes with cataract and unregulated open angle glaucoma. There were 46 eyes in the P-ExPress and 39 the P-Trab group. Intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of antiglaucoma medications, qualified and complete surgical success (defined as IOP ≤ 18.0 mmHg), visual acuity (CDVA), the number of endothelial cells, and postoperative complications and additional procedures were assessed.Results. After 12 months of observation, the average IOP in the P-Express group went from 26.4 ± 9.3 down to 17.1 ± 5 mmHg (P<0.05) and from 27.9 ± 12.9 down to 15.9 ± 2.7 mmHg in the P-Trab group (P<0.05). No significant differences in the amount of medications used after surgery and CDVA were discovered between the groups. In the P-ExPress group, greater loss of endothelial cells was noted(CDloss%), compared to the P-Trab group.Conclusions. Both P-ExPress and P-Trab have comparable efficacy and similar early postoperative complication profile. The presence of additional implant (as is the case of the ExPress mini glaucoma shunt implantation) may cause progressive loss of endothelial cells.