Spontaneous changes of skull morphology in premature babies: A preliminary study using plagiocephalometric analysis

Aim — to develop a reliable protocol to study the spontaneous changes in te skull morphology, specifically plagiocephaly in premature infants.Materials and methods. Evaluation of the degree of asymmetry using a plagiocephalometric tool and passive motion assessment for axial rotation and clinical examination of the neck muscles in six preterm infants. All measures are taken four times over a two months period.Results. About the placement of thermoplastic bands, a maximal variability of 3 % and 5 % was found for intra-and inter- observations respectively for the indices of interest (ODDI, CPI, CVAI). The variability of measures taken on photocopies was less than 1 %. 67 % of children had a preferential position on the third measure (T3) and 83 % on the fourth measure (T4). The prevalence of plagiocephaly was 17, 67, 33 and 50 % at T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively considering a threshold of oblique diameters difference (ODDI) of 104 % . No influence of gender, gestational age, primiparity or asymmetry in muscle tension and/or rotation has been highlighted. In comparison with previous data, a very highly significant difference (p=0,001) was found for the index head values.Conclusion. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of the method. More consistent data should be considered, with a broader sample in order to provide a relevant analysis of the morphometric changes of the skull base. According to the criteria of the literature, three premature infants out of six had a plagiocephaly at T4 and we observed a normalization of morphometric values was observed in two infants.

Out-of-Competition Granting of Subsidies to Budgetary Institutions as a Violation of Antimonopoly Legislation (Problems of Law Enforcement Practice)

The problem of allocation by state authorities (local self-government bodies) of subsidies to state (municipal) institutions as financial support for the performance of state (municipal) tasks for the performance of works (provision of services) that are the authority of a state authority (local self-government body) is considered. It is noted that the possibility of granting such subsidies in accordance with the rules of budget legislation does not in itself mean that the relevant actions cannot have a real or potential negative impact on the state of competition. It is established that subsidization of budgetary institutions for the performance of works (services) that are state (municipal) needs, without conducting competitive procedures, entails unjustifiably granting a preferential position to the relevant institutions over other economic entities.

Regspraak: Novasie en delegasie van skuld – hoe raak dit die versekering van die tersake skuld?

Personal rights may be transferred by means of cession, and, in such an instance, the cedent (creditor) does not need the debtor’s permission, but once the debtor has been informed, the debt is redeemed only if he performs against the cessionary. If however, someone owes a debt, he (the debtor) can free himself of the obligation only if he redeems the debt, if he is released, or through the running of prescription. But sometimes it might be necessary that a restructuring of someone’s debts takes place or the debtor may want to be replaced with someone else who is willing to take over his obligation. This can be done only with the cooperation and agreement of the creditor. In such a case the debtor delegates his obligation to another person, who then becomes the new debtor of a new debt – the creditor relinquishes his right against the old debtor and accepts the new debtor and the new debt. The old debt no longer exists. It is also possible to rearrange the debt and create a new obligation which extinguishes the old debt – a novation takes place. This contribution starts with a discussion of these general principles and particularly the role that they (should) play when one is dealing with a secured debt which the debtor wants to delegate or when novation comes into play. This leads into a discussion of Wilke NO v Griekwaland Wes Korporatief Ltd (1327/2019) 2020 ZASCA 182 (23 Dec 2020) and the judgments in the earlier courts in which the supreme court of appeal and the other courts did not consider the implications of delegation and novation on an underlying debt when that debt was secured. Delegation and novation extinguish the underlying debt and any security right fortifying that debt is thereby also extinguished because of the principle of accessority. If the creditor requires the new debt to be secured, a new security right needs to be established by meeting all the requirements for the establishment of such security whether it is a right of suretyship or a real security right. A creditor must carefully consider agreeing to a delegation or novation of a secured debt since the implication is that he loses his secured and preferential position, and, even with the creation of a new security right, he loses the ranking he initially held in the line of secured creditors when a right of mortgage, for example, is at stake – qui prior est tempore potior est iure (D 20 4 11pr).

Primary School Children's Practices of Watching Cartoons and Their Perceptions About Cartoon Character

Relation between television and children is, to a large extend, associated through cartoons. Cartoons are in the leading preferential position of children audience from pre-school period to adolescence. Having been accessible all through 24 hours after the appearance of thematic children channels, cartoons have been opening doors of hundreds of various worlds. Stories, designed within the framework of global or domestic codes, are transmitting their messages through characters at first place. This research on audience was performed in Kayseri and is aimed to define the children's habits of watching TV and cartoon and their perceptions about cartoon characters. A survey has been applied to 420 student from various age groups in 3 different schools ensampling three different socio-economic levels. According to the results gained, the most watched cartoon TV by primary school children is TRT Çocuk, most watched cartoon is Rafadan Tayfa and Keloğlan is the most loved character among 96 different cartoon characters. It was determined that national productions are in the forefront but generally the international productions dominate. It was also determined that children define the behaviors of cartoon characters with adjectives such as good, nice...etc. Otherwise the characters have extraordinary features appears to be a factor which causes increase in the ratings. Moreover, it is suggested in the research that gender is an important determinant within the context of cartoon selection and adoption of cartoon characters.

Martensite Midrib in an Fe-1C-17Cr Stainless Steel

An Fe-1.0C-17Cr (wt.%) stainless steel was subjected to subzero treatment to investigated the structure of martensite midrib. The midrib region appeared in the thin plate and lenticular martensites have been observed detailed by TEM. The TEM result reveals that the transformations of thin plate martensite and lenticular martensite are initiated at the same midrib region. The former keeps the lattice-invariant deformation mode of twinning during subsequent growth, whereas the latter combines both twinning and slip modes. Midrib region is a preferential position for carbide precipitations after tempering. M3C and M23C6carbide were found in this alloy, and related to the ferrite by Bagaryatsky OR and K-S OR, respectively.

La deontología médica desde la tradición hipocrática al Cristianismo

L’obiettivo fondamentale di questo articolo è quello di confrontare due versioni del giuramento di Ippocrate: quello famoso pagano e il “Giuramento secondo Ippocrate per come dovrebbe essere prestato da un cristiano”, pressocché sconosciuto. L’atteggiamento dei primi cristiani verso la medicina è stata guidata dalla loro memoria viva di Gesù, che, come guaritore e consolatore, non ha mai negato il suo aiuto ai malati, non solo ebrei, ma anche samaritani o pagani. I primi medici cristiani, di conseguenza, non ponevamo i pazienti in una posizione preferenziale, e quindi erano in grado di sviluppare una sintesi specifica di abilità professionale, di amore fraterno e il senso salvifico della sofferenza. Essi hanno risposto alla malattia umana non con esorcismi e magia, ma con la medicina e con un’etica medica sorprendentemente “moderna”. La versione cristiana del Giuramento presenta, nonostante l’accoglienza alla lettera di molti principi del giuramento pagano, alcune novità rivoluzionarie. La sostituzione nel giuramento alle divinità pagane con l’invocazione a Dio Padre e la dichiarazione di “non mentire” pone la nuova formula in una prospettiva di trascendenza e l’eternità. L’alleanza tra maestro e discepolo con l’aggiunta dei propri doveri di aiuti finanziari e dipendenza pratica si è mutata in un aperto riconoscimento del reciproco rispetto tra insegnante e studente. Nel nuovo contesto, l’essere posseduti da una forte vocazione professionale, diventa l’unico requisito per l’accesso all’apprendimento dell’arte medica. Ora la lealtà verso il paziente ha la precedenza sulla sottomissione al maestro: il corporativismo medico è bandito. La versione cristiana omette anche la la “clausola chirurgica”, così che le vecchie barriere alla pari dignità di tutte le specialità mediche sono state rimosse. In considerazione di questi e di altri valori del Giuramento cristiano, l’autore si rammarica della quasi universale ignoranza di questo importante documento, e della scarsità di studi dedicato alla sua storia e ai suoi contenuti. Il confronto delle due versioni, pagana e cristiana, aiuta a comprendere l’impatto emotivo e permanente che i medici cristiani dell’antichità hanno determinato all’etica della medicina. ---------- The basic aim of this article is to compare two versions of the Hippocratic Oath: the famous pagan one and the almost unknown “Oath according to Hippocrates in so far as a Christian may swear it”. The attitude of early Christians toward medicine was guided by their lively remembrance of Jesus, who, as healer and comforter, never denied his help to the sick, not only Jews, but also Samaritans or Pagans. Early Christian physicians, in consequence, placed patients without discrimination in a preferential position, and so they were able to develop a specific synthesis of professional prowess, brotherly love and a redemptive sense of suffering. They responded to human disease not with exorcisms or magic, but with medicine and with a surprisingly “modern” medical ethics. The Christian version of the Oath introduces, despite its literal acceptance of many tenets of the Pagan Oath, some revolutionary novelties. The substitution of the swearing by the pagan deities for the invocation to God the Father and the declaration “I lie not” places the new formula in a perspective of transcendence and eternity. The old covenant between master and disciple with its added duties of financial help and practice dependence is changed to an open recognition of mutual respect between teacher and student. In the new circumstances, to be possessed by a strong professional calling becomes the only requirement for access to the medical art’s learning. Now loyalty to the patient takes precedence over submissiveness to the master: medical corporativism is banished. The Christian version omits also the “surgery clause”, so the old barriers to the equal dignity of all medical specialties are removed. In view of these and other values of the Christian Oath, the author regrets the almost universal ignorance surrounding this important document, and the scarcity of studies devoted to its history and contents. All the same, the comparison of both versions, Pagan and Christian, of the Oath helps to understand the impressive and permanent impact that Christian physicians of the Antiquity brought about to the ethics of medicine.

Crystal structure of tris(pyridine)(salicylaldehyde semicarbazonato(2-))cobalt(III)-trichloropyridinecobaltate(II) at 293 and 120K

The crystal structure of [CoIII(L)(py)3][CoIICl3(py)] (H2L=salicylaldehyde semicarbazone)was determined by X-ray analysis based on two single crystal X-ray experiments performed at 120 K and 293 K, respectively. It was found that the pyridine ligand of the complex anion is disordered over two positions. The preferential position of this pyridine found at120Kwas explained in terms of the C-H...Cl intermolecular interaction between the tetrahedral [CoII(py)Cl3]- anions. The mer-octahedral geometry of the cation in the presented crystal structure was compared with previously published structures of similar composition, [CoIII(L1)(py)3]+[CoIICl3(py)]-?EtOH and [CoIII(LI)(py)3]+I3-(H2LI = salicylaldehyde S-methylisothiosemicarbazone). Although the tetrahedral [CoIICl3(py)]- anions possess the same charge, they mutually form different intermolecular interactions which can be realized either by C-H...Cl hydrogen bonds or by ?-? interactions between the pyridine rings.

The Migration of Russians Outside Their Homeland

The migration and settlement of Russians throughout the former Soviet Union in combination with rising nationalism have resulted in a set of conditions that will probably result in considerable national conflict. From an operational perspective, the subjective definition of a nation is the most useful. A nation is a self-defining community whose members claim a common ancestry and a common destiny. They also claim a common geographic origin, the national homeland, over which they claim an exclusive, proprietary right. In fact, nations seek to ensure their destiny by controlling the national homeland for the benefit of their nation, and by promoting the indigeneous nation to a dominant, preferential position. A primordial connection between nation and homeland—blood and soil—is claimed, which results in a geographic or spatial identity, imbued with great emotion as the sacred ancestral land. The national homeland is delimited and justified by either history, demography, or both. Although demographic dominance can generally be claimed by only one nation, the historical claim can be made by more than one, and frequently the demographic claim is reinforced by the historical argument. Most national and ethnic conflict is provoked by conflicting claims to the homeland or aliens residing in the national homeland. Thus, as a rule, the more ethnically homogeneous the homeland, the less the conflict among nations. Of course, this is not always the case. A major national goal is ethnic homogeneity in the national homeland, as various restrictive language, citizenship, and immigration laws demonstrate. Yet this aim will not be sought at the expense of control over ancestral territory.