Immunogenetic control of the origin of the Hutsul horse breed

The article analyzes the origin of horses of Hutsul breed, which gives an opportunity to make a certain idea about the genotypic features of animals. They were found to have specific features in the distribution of factors and alleles of the D-system of blood groups. An individual analysis of the genotypes of Hutsul horses shows that their diversity is quite significant. Generally, genotypes occur that combine the dghm allele with the cgm and bcm alleles. At the individual level, animal testing materials for blood groups create an information base to study the genetic structure of a population. Analysis of the genetic structure of the herd shows its considerable variability. It was found 9 alleles in the herd with a frequency from 0.014 to 0.264. The most common alleles are de; sgm, with frequencies of 0.264 and 0.220 respectively. The saturation of the herd with these alleles is primarily related to the genotypes (de/cgm) of the stallions used by Vulcan and Centaur. The degree of homogeneity of the flock gene pool is characterized by a homozygosity coefficient (CA) of 0.173 and indicates the theoretically expected frequency of homozygous genotypes in panmyxia, that is, the absence of directed selection of parental pairs in the same number of females and males. Although the herd does not meet the requirements of panmyxia, there is a clear deficiency in homozygotes. In general, immunogenetic studies provide grounds for organizing a breeding process for the reconstruction of the Hutsul breed gene pool with the restoration of its inherent qualities, which will enable it to obtain competitive breeding products. The study of the structure of the population provides material for the analysis of genetic processes occurring at certain stages of the breeding process as a result of the use of different breeding methods. The results of the testing, which is still limited by the number of horses of the Hutsul breed, form the basis for further systematic application of genetic marking in the work on the formation of the Hutsul breed in the Ukrainian Carpathian region.

Multimodal Fusion of Lipid MALDI IMS with a Transgenic Fluorophore

<p>Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) allows simultaneous mapping of thousands of molecules distributed in tissues. However, unambiguous identification of specific types or functional states of cells and correlation of such features to molecular localization are key challenges in the field. We report here the development of advances based on identity marking using a genetically encoded fluorophore. The fluorescence emission (F_em) data were integrated with IMS outputs through multimodal image processing with advanced registration techniques and data-driven image fusion. In an unbiased analysis of spleens, this approach enabled identification of new lipid species previously not identified in germinal centers (GC), such as the enrichment of ether lipids. We propose that this use of genetic marking of microanatomical regions of interest can be paired with molecular information from IMS for any tissue, cell type, or activity state for which fluorescence is driven by a gene-tracking allele.</p><br>

The effectiveness evaluation of the haploid inducer of maize line ZMS-P

The results of the assessment of the ability to induce of haploid formation in the families (offspring of one ear) of the created haploid inducing maize line ZMS-P are given. 53 hybrids and one cultivar population were used as maternal forms, and 21 families of the ZMS-P line were used as paternal forms. The kernels with haploid embryos were selected among hybrid seeds with using the method of genetic marking. The frequency of haploids in the offspring ranged from 0 to 15.8 %. The average frequency of haploid induction in families of the ZMS-P line varied from 1,3 to 7,0 %. The average frequency of haploid induction is 4,8 ± 1,7 %. Thus, the ZMS-P line is an effective haploid inducer that can be used for mass production of haploids and the rapid creation of new homozygous maize lines.

Применение метода молекулярно-генетического анализа для выявления растений моркови с цитоплазмой типа «петалоид»

Метод молекулярно-генетического маркирования позволяет проводить скрининг коллекции исходного материала по типу цитоплазмы. Дифференциация растений моркови по типу цитоплазмы имеет большое практическое значение при выборе растительного материала для создания новых линий-закрепителей стерильности. Мужская стерильность моркови контролируется ядерно-цитоплазматически, и растения с «петалоидной» цитоплазмой могут иметь фертильный фенотип за счет генов ядра. Однако попытка получить закрепитель стерильности из такого растения обречена на неудачу, при том что будет потрачено много времени и труда. В связи с этим целесообразно на ранних этапах селекции проводить молекулярно-генетический анализ коллекции растений с помощью рекомендованных в научной литературе праймеров, и отобрать образцы с нормальной цитоплазмой. Для этого использовали праймеры, разработанные Inga C. Bach c соавторами (2002). Эффективным оказалось применение трех пар праймеров сmt-1 и cmt-2 (длины амплифицированных фрагментов 320 и 390 п. н.), atp1-d1 и cmt-3 (размер ПЦР продуктов 1630 п. н.), atp1-d1 и cmt-4 (1608 п. н.). С их помощью был проведен скрининг коллекции моркови ООО «Селекционная станция им. Н.Н.Тимофеева» и отобраны растения для дальнейшей селекционной работы. Среди изученных F1 гибридов были выявлены стерильные растения с цитоплазмой типа «петалоид», фертильные растения с петалоидной цитоплазмой и фертильные растения с нормальной цитоплазмой. Чрезвычайно полезной была бы возможность с помощью молекулярно-генетического маркирования определять наличие ядерных генов стерильности моркови и гомозиготность. Однако при проведении данной работы применение соответствующих праймеров было не результативно. Так что традиционные методы селекции для решения этой задачи остаются незаменимыми.The method of molecular genetic marking can be used to differentiate carrot plants by the type of cytoplasm. It has a great practical importance for the plant material selection for new sterility fixers creation. Carrots male sterility has a nuclear-cytoplasmic control, plants with a «petaloid» cytoplasm can be fertile due to nuclear genes. But the attempt of using such plants to obtain a fixer of sterility is doomed to failure, and a lot of time and labor will be lost. One can select plants with normal cytoplasm at the early stages of breeding by the molecular-genetic primers using. To achieve this aim, primers developed by Inga C. Bach et al. (2002) were applied. The application of three pairs of primers was effective. These primers are: 1) cmt-1 and cmt-2 (lengths of amplified fragments 320 and 390 bp), 2) atp1-d1 and cmt-3 (size of PCR products 1630 bp), 3) atp1-d1 and cmt-4 (1608 bp). Through the application of these primers, the collection of carrots of Breeding station after N.N. Timofeev was screened. The application of this method allowed to select plants for subsequent breeding process. Carrot plants of F1-hybrids were examined. Among them were found:1) sterile plants with a cytoplasm of the «petaloid» type, 2) fertile plants with a «petaloid» cytoplasm and 3) fertile plants with a normal cytoplasm. It would be incredibly useful to determine the presence of nuclear carrot sterility genes and homozygosity by the instrumentality of molecular-genetic marking. However, traditional methods of plant breeding remain indispensable. Howbeit. carrot plants with petaloid or normal cytoplasm can be detected by primers using.

Genetic marking of farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua l.) and detection of escapes from a commercial cod farm

A genetically marked Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) strain was used to identify escapes from commercial cod farms, and to investigate the potential interbreeding between farmed and wild cod. This farmed cod was homozygote for a rare allele (30) in the GPI-1 locus expressed in white muscle tissue. Juveniles were produced from this strain in 2007 and 2008, and 500 000 individuals of each year class were transported to a cod farm in western Norway, where they were raised under commercial conditions. A monitoring fishing program was established from spring 2007 to detect escapees during the farming period. The first farmed cod escapees, identified to the 2007 year class through the genetic mark, age and body size, were detected during the fishing survey in November 2008. The second escape of the same year class was detected during the natural spawning season in early April 2009. A third escape was detected in November 2009, and this time the farmed cod were identified to the 2008 year class. The escapees were spreading through the whole fjord system, including local spawning sites for wild cod. Detailed examination of the escaped cod revealed a substantial degree of sexual maturation, and nearly 1000 cod larvae and early juveniles were therefore collected through spring 2009. The genetic analyses identified eight of these as genetically marked, demonstrating successful reproduction either in the cage or after escape. Interbreeding between escaped and wild cod may also have occurred, but cannot be proven from our material. In all years after the three identified escapes, genetically marked cod were found in the fjord area. In addition, several specimens were observed in adjacent fjord systems, demonstrating long-term survival in the local spawning areas as well as substantial spread over larger distances.