Significance of Sindoor (Vermilion Powder) in Hindu Marriage Rituals

This paper aims to identify the significance of Sindoor or Vermilion powder (red in color) in Hindu cultural custom and in Hindu society. Sindoor is given to bride by groom on the occasion of marriage. Sindoor is given the gift by the groom to the bride in between the hair partings of married Hindu women have begun to start on the day of the marriage ceremony and the married woman. After then she considered as the wife of her husband and enters to the matrimonial life. Use of Sindoor in Hindu marriage practices signify socially culturally and even medically to order the gender disequilibrium society through the symbolic interpretation of cultural item and traditions, values, norms that are interwoven by religious bind with the member of Hindu orthodox society to sustain the patriarchal social structure. Sindoor also signify the hierarchy among the women world and the status changes when an unmarried wears a Sindoor in Hindu Society

Domestic Violence and Its Impact among Married Dalit Women: A Study of Kalika 28, Pokhara Metropolitan City

A study was carried out the domestic violence against Dalit women of Kalika, of Pokhara Metropolitan City, Gandaki Province, Nepal. Domestic violence is a social issue of inquiry. In this context, this study was made a comprehensive effort to explore the forms, factors and consequences of married Dalit women in the study area. Twenty victim women were chosen as respondents for this study. Using different tools for data collection like in-depth interview, observation as well as different sources of secondary data. this study was more guided by Marxist feminism and more qualitative. There are so many incidences of domestic violence against Dalit and vulnerable married women that blocked the progress and prosperity. Unfortunately, women are even neglected by their husbands and in-laws and their families. Study found that majority of husbands' alcoholic habit, their feeling of superiority, patriarchal social structure, re-marriage and extramarital affair were the main reasons that kept women as victims of the society. Physical, psychological and unwanted sexual abuse of husband, along with unproductive engagement of women in household activities, unwanted pregnancy and deprivation of various needs are major areas of women's subordination among the Dalit married women.

Lady Chatterley, her Lover and their Room with a View: Modernist discourses on love and reality

The dawn of the 20th century in Britain witnessed changes in almost every aspect of women>s everyday lives. The emergence of the women's movement and a new generation of female professionals transformed the traditional patriarchal social structure. The present paper pursues two main goals. First, it shows how the novels Lady Chatterley's Lover and A Room with a View emerged from this social-historical moment in Britain. Since the novels depict the period before the Great War, they connect two periods in English history: Victorianism and Modernism, two different ways of living and two different approaches to moral principles. The protagonists of the novels, Connie, later lady Chatterley, and Lucy, personify the young and impressionable women of that era. Second, the focus is on the layers of interpretation/the codes of meaning that indicate the narrative interface: similarities in the novels' plots and their characters. They also reflect on the social divide that marked the period. The paper also shows that, according to the story, plot, and discourse of the novels, money and social status cannot substitute for the bindings of love.

विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाका उपन्यासमा जैविकीय उत्पीडन [Biological Persecution in Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala's Novel]

विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइरालाका उपन्यासहरूमा नारी पात्रको केन्द्रीयता रहेको छ । उनका सबैजसो उपन्यासको प्रमुख भूमिकामा नारी पात्रहरू नै रहेका देखिन्छन् । यसै सन्दर्भमा प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानात्मक लेख तयार पारिएको हो । यसमा नारीवादी सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका आधारमा उनका उपन्यासहरूको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । नारीवादी मान्यताले पितृसत्ता तथा त्यसभित्रको लैङ्गिक विभेदलाई नारीउत्पीडनको प्रमुख कारण मानेको छ । यस लेखमा पितृसत्तात्मक सामाजिक संरचनाभित्र स्थापित लैङ्गिकताअन्तर्गत नारी–जैविकीय उत्पीडनका आधारहरूको प्रस्तुति गरिएको छ । यसमा जैविकीय आधारमा नारीहरूले झेल्ने उत्पीडनसम्बन्धी मान्यताको चर्चा गरिएको छ । उपर्युक्त सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका आधारमा कोइरालाका तीनघुम्ती, नरेन्द्रदाइ, सुम्निमा, मोदिआइन, हिटलर र यहुदी तथा बाबु आमा र छोरा उपन्यासहरूमा परम्परागत पितृसत्तात्मक मूल्यको प्रस्तुति कसरी गरिएको छ र सोही मूल्यभित्र महिलाहरूले केवल महिला भएकै कारण झेल्नुपर्ने उत्पीडनका कस्ता सन्दर्भहरूको अभिव्यक्ति भएको छ भन्ने समस्याको समाधान खोजिएको छ । उपर्युक्त समस्याहरूको प्राज्ञिक समाधान खोजिनु यस लेखको उद्देश्य हो । यसै उद्देश्यमा आधारित रहेर कोइरालाका उपन्यासहरूमा प्रयुक्त पितृसत्तात्मक सामाजिक परिवेश तथा त्यसभित्र स्थापित मूल्यका कारण नारीहरूले झेल्नुपर्ने जैविकीय उत्पीडनको विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत लेखमा गरिएको छ । यो लेख साहित्यिक भएको हुनाले सोहीअनुरूप पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी विश्लेषणात्मक विधिबाट तिनलाई विश्लेषण गरिएको । कोइरालाले आफ्ना उपन्यासमा नारीउत्पीडनको प्रस्तुति गरेर उत्पीडित नारी पात्रहरूको भोगाइका माध्यमबाट स्थापित पुरातन मूल्यमान्यतामा परिवर्तन हुनुपर्ने आशय व्यक्त गरेको निष्कर्ष पनि यसमा निकालिएको छ । [In Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala's novels, there is a centrality of female characters. In most of her novels, female characters seem to be in the lead roles. A research article has been prepared in this regard. It analyzes her novels based on feminist ideological beliefs. Feminist beliefs have identified patriarchy and gender discrimination within it as the main cause of women's oppression. In this article, gender is established within the patriarchal social structure The bases of women-biological oppression under gender have been presented. It discusses the perceptions of harassment faced by women on biological grounds. Based on the above theoretical beliefs, Koirala's novels Tinghumti, Narendra Dai, Sumnima, Modi, Hitler and Jew and Father, Mother and Son have explored how traditional patriarchal values ​​are presented and what are the contexts of oppression that women have to endure just because they are women. The purpose of this article is to find scientific solutions to the above problems. Based on this objective, the patriarchal social environment used in Koirala's novels and the biological oppression of women due to the values ​​established within it are analyzed in this article. As this article is a literary one, it has been analyzed by analyzing method by collecting material from the library work accordingly. Koirala established women's oppression in his novels through the experiences of oppressed female characters. It also concludes that there should be a change in the old values.]

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF FATHER EDUCATION ON THE PERCEPTION OF FATHERHOOD IN THE LIFELONG LEARNING PROCESS

In this study, the perceptions of fathers with children in the preschool period towards the concept of fatherhood, a lifelong learning process, and father education after the father education they received, were examined. The study was carried out with a qualitative research method. The sample of the study consisted of 14 fathers who had children attending two kindergartens in Kocaeli in the 2018-2019 academic year and volunteering to participate in the study. Fourteen fathers in the group were interviewed after the training program was applied. As a result of the face-to-face interviews with the semi-structured interview form, what they expressed about fatherhood, how they expressed themselves as fathers in the lifelong learning process, and their thoughts on participation in father education were obtained. It is known that the father has a critical role in the formation of the child's personality. Father education should be given importance to raise happy and healthy individuals. Today, it has been observed that there is a transition from the patriarchal social structure to modernity, and the fathers' traditional thoughts have changed, and they have started to think more child-oriented. It has been revealed that fathers gain awareness after education and fatherhood is a conscious and learnable phenomenon when an effort is made. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0720/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Conflicting and Challenging Patriarchal and Liberal Feminist Ideologies and Norms in Afghanistan: Critical Stylistic Study of Khaled Hosseini’s And the Mountains Echoed

The study unveils the Afghan patriarchal ideology and norms that are in conflict and challenge with liberal feminist ideology in Khaled Hosseini’s (2013) And the Mountains Echoed, depicting the cultural and socio-political context of Afghanistan. Tools of critical stylistics, developed by Jefferies (2010), have been used to delve into the conflict as mentioned above. The conflict in ideologies leads to gender differences, and inequalities. Patriarchs view liberal feminism and its motive as a threat to patriarchal social structure. The study reveals how women challenge the monopoly and status-quo of patriarchs to raise their voice for their emancipation and free will in matters of their life. Women in Afghanistan are the nang (pride) and namoos (honor) of their families. Men, especially patriarchs, misperceive the status and image of women as damaging their reputation if they are granted full freedom in matters and walks of life. Nila Wahdati, a liberal feminist character in the novel, challenges the stereotypical image of women as fragile, fickle, and prone to sex. She even resists and negates the imposed traditional, conservative ideology and supremacy of her father. Through the use of language, women challenge the Afghan patriarchal thinking. The novelist has manipulated verb processes to represent the patriarchal ideology of the Afghan men, while the discourse-producers utilize nouns and modifications to indicate patriarchs’ contrary thinking towards women. Linguistic tools, like nouns, pronouns, pre-modifiers, negative evaluative words, epistemic modality, and subordinate clauses, describe the conflict and challenge between patriarchal and liberal feminist ideologies.

Tussle for Existence: An Inquisitive Exploration on the Role of Women in Sangati (Events)

Indian society is quite a complex one, because of its construction of hierarchal social order grounded on the premise of sophistication, stratum and sex. Historically, women are placed at the margins that prevented them from having opportunities and denied them the flexibility to enter the general public sphere. This paper entitled “Tussle for Existence: An Inquisitive Exploration on the Role of Women in Sangati (Events)” which is a close to the accurate attempt to discern the penetrating expertise of lower-class women who passed through many unconditional subjugations from varied norms of the society, as well as Dalit women’s power of resilience to subdue these existing curtailments in the patriarchal social structure. Through the work, Sangati, Bama explores the lives of women, wherever caste and gender-based rights and rituals executed women’s life as sacrificial fire. In her work Sangati, Bama, one among the predominant Dalit women writers, constitutes the themes of Dalit feminism and the celebrations of self-assurance within the community of subaltern women.

Linguistic Representation Of Sports Women In Pakistani English Newspapers

Women are integral to social progress and development. They participate in all walks of life and contribute their fair share for the overall good. Globally, they have been contributing in sports and have brought a positive change in the outlook of societies in favour of gender balance. Conversely, primitive and less developed societies restrict women to domestic sphere and discourage them to participate in public life. They also view sports as masculine domain and frown upon the participation of women in any sports. In Pakistan, the situation is no less different and with a predominantly patriarchal social structure, the country does not cater to the needs of female players in provision of facilities and infrastructure. Despite the growing number of renowned female players, the attitude of the people in general and the government in particular is biased and discriminatory. This study intends to qualitatively analyze newspaper reports through the application of linguistic tools. The reports are purposively selected from published Pakistani English newspapers about women sports available online. The findings reveal that women are underrepresented and narrowly described for their achievements. The study further reveals that they are faced with the challenge to overcome conservative cultural narrative that discourages female sports.

Assessing Current Situation of Domestic Violence against Women: A Study in Hasandaha, Morang

Nepal like many other countries represents a multicultural characteristics having patriarchal social structure. Recognizing the need to effectively reduce the incidences of violence against women, Nepal ratified the CEDAW in 1991. But the incidences of DVAW have been repeatedly reported and the challenge to the human rights of the Nepalese women has been added. The heterogeneity of Nepalese society and social interaction among the different caste/ethnic groups make the issue of DVAW more complicated that eventually requires sociological study. The people of Hasandaha, Morang, represent the caste/ethnic heterogeneity and could be the representation of Nepalese villages. The women of that village are also suffering from multiple forms of violence against them. Physical assault, sexual abuse to psychological torture is among the forms of violence that they aspire to escape from. Rigid caste norms and patriarchal values constrict the freedom of movement among the women of Hasandaha village. These women express that the government, NGOs and civil society should have decisive roles with regard to the elimination of domestic violence against women. For this, effective mobilization of local communities, awareness generation among them and changes in the state’s attitude towards DVAW only as of private concern are key to reduce the incidences of DVAW in Hasandaha village of Morang district, Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v6i0.10689 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.6 2014: 64-85