ONOMASTIC METAPHOR IN THE ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATION

The authors of the article discuss the problem of translating an onomastic metaphor in humorous discourse, relying on the results of research in the field of proper name theory, cognitive metaphor theory, comic theory, discourse theory, and the theory of harmonious translation space, which are the research methodology. The purpose of the work is to show that the metaphorical onym, as a complex dynamic transformation of a proper name-anthroponym, has a high cultural potential, and in humorous discourse acquires a pragmatic humorous effect, reflecting the author's intention. The material of the work was the literary texts of A.P. Chekhov in Russian and their translations into Chinese, as well as literary texts in English by P.G. Woodhouse and their translations into Russian and Chinese. The choice of these authors is due to their belonging to the same historical era - the beginning of the twentieth century. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the semantics of Chinese anthroponyms differs significantly from the semantics of English and Russian-language proper names-anthroponyms, which should be known and taken into account by the translator in the process of translating metaphorical meanings into Chinese in order to ensure mutual understanding of representatives of different linguistic cultures. Translations into Chinese are ongoing. Linguistic and translation analysis consists in identifying the level of harmony of translations of an onomastic metaphor, correlated with the nature of the reconstruction of metaphorical meanings and the humorous effect of the original. Such a translation is recognized as harmonious, in which there is a remetaphorization of the onomastic metaphor, accompanied by synergy - an increment of new meanings acceptable to the host culture.

Literary Translation Analysis of Indonesian Short Story Apel dan Pisau

Translation allows readers to enjoy literary works from all over the world without being constrained by foreign language mastery. For Producing commensurate literary works, translation strategies are employed to deal with different language systems. This research aims at investigating strategies employed by the translator in translating the Indonesian literary work into English. This Descriptive-Analytical Study has been completed by qualitative and quantitative methods. The data sources used are the Indonesian short story Apel and Pisau by Intan Paramaditha and its translation. The 219 collected data are analyzed by using Kazakova’s theory of literary translation. The results in this study indicate that the translator used (1) The Observer Strategy 70,78% (155 data), (2) The Helper Strategy 23,74 % (52 data), (3) The Adherent Strategy 3,65 % (8 data), and (4) The Enlightener Strategy 1,83% (4 data). The study reveals that the strategy dominantly prevailed is the observer strategy (70,78%), and the most dominant approach is unbiased (74,71 %). Also, it is found that the translation ideology is foreignization, where the translator tries to keep the sense of originality of the author’s work.

THE PAINFUL EXISTENCE IN THE BOLESŁAW LEŚMIAN’S POEM "AT NIGHT"

The paper deals with poetic translation analysis of the poem "At Night"of the Polish poet Bolesław Leśmian. The appearance of Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry in Ukrainian translation (the collections of selected works "Садбожий спалахненець" and "Ангели" translated by M. Kiianovska) has become an important event. The researcher focuses their attention on the contextual, poetic, poetical, artistic and stylistic peculiarities of the poem "At Night", in connection with the philosophic and literary views of the poet. The wide range of scientific works on Bolesław Leśmian’s poetry in Polish literary studies allows us to study different aspects of this poet’s poetics: symbolism, peculiarities of the artistic images creation, the appeal to folk sources, the language of his literary works, the image of God in his poetry, the role of rhythm, immediacy of worldview and creating the world anew in "song without words" etc. The poetics of the poem has been studied, its interpretation is based on the unity of compositional, semantic, figurative elements of the poem. The translation analysis, aimed at the study of structural and semantic features of the poem "At Night" in Ukrainian translation, is concentrated on the author’s peculiarities of creating images and their representation by M. Kiianovska in her translation of the poem. The author of the article focuses on the concept of the original and translation, the overall mood of the poem, its content, figurative system, structure, rhythmic organization, the rhyming system of the translation and the original. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the selection of lexical equivalents, the poetic syntax of the poem and other translation techniques on the way to better understanding of the text, the artistic images creation and grammatical and compositional integrity of the translation of the poem.

Unidades fraseológicas em Recordações de infância: (des)continuidades nas traduções portuguesas

Idioms in Childhood Memories: (Dis)continuities in Portuguese Translations. My study aims to present a comparative translation analysis of the phraseological units in Romanian and European Portuguese and is based on the two Portuguese translations of Amintiri din copilărie (Recordações de infância) by Ion Creangă. Relying on the concept of equivalence – a key element in translation studies and comparative phraseology, debated and contested to the same extent – I propose an analysis of phraseological units both from an interlinguistic and an intralinguistic perspective, as well as a classification of translation solutions according to the types of equivalence proposed by Corpas Pastor (2001). At the same time, the identification of a certain type of equivalence leads us to an analysis of the translation strategies used. In this way, I note a strong connection between translation strategies and the types of equivalence between the two languages. The similarities and the differences between the translation solutions analyzed in the two Portuguese texts highlight the characteristics of the original text, as well as the translators’ choices. Keywords: phraseological units, idioms, equivalence, translation strategies, source text / target text

DYNAMICS OF RENDERING THE COCKNEY ETHNOSOCIOLECT IN THE UKRAINIAN TRANSLATIONS OF G. B. SHAW’S PLAY «PIGMALION»

This article reviews the strategies used in three Ukrainian translations of George Bernard Shaw’s play «Pygmalion» focusing upon different approaches to representing the sociolect Cockney. Two of the translations (done by M. Pavlov and O.Mokrovolskiy) resort to surzhyk — a mixed Ukrainian-Russian vernacular, thus employing the strategy of domestication, while the third, and the latest, one (done by T. Nekriach and N. Ferens in collaboration, with the general editing of T. Nekriach) rejects surzhyk in principle, proceeding from the idea that cockney is not a contamination of two languages but a socially and culturally marked set of deviations from the norm within one language. The latter translation unites foreignization in indicating the time and place of action and domestication in consistent using the Ukrainian supradialectal popular parlance, which is termed ad hoc the «harmonizing strategy» in the article. Cockney as a specific ethnosociolect has been researched in the translation perspective in the works of I. Akopyan, V. Komissarov, O. Rebriy, T. Nekriach, A. Hughes, P. Trudgill etc., which form the theoretical foundation of the present article. The aim of the article is to study and systematize the optimal strategies and tactics of reproducing Cockney in the available Ukrainian translations of «Pygmalion». The principal method of research is the comparative translation analysis, which allows to evaluate the gains and losses in employing a particular strategy in order to achieve a faithful translation. The topicality of the research is accounted for by the growing interest on the part of both practical translators and translation scholars in the appropriate handling of translation strategies and tactics within one text in order to reveal the author’s intent to the full with the retaining of the distinguishing features of the form. Special attention is paid to the specific «double» nature of drama works which requires taking into account the “pronounceability” of cues in translation. It is argued that M. Pavlov and T. Nekriach/N. Ferens take this parameter into account, translating «for stage», whereas O.Mokrovolskiy translates «for page» only, which results in his alternatives for Cockney representation being understood visually, not audially. The research prospects are seen in applying the proposed methodology to the study of recent Ukrainian translations of fiction in comparison with the previous ones in order to survey the dynamics and effectiveness of applying various translation strategies and tactics in reproducing a particular language or cultural phenomenon used in the original text.

Model of Translation of International Legal Discourse: to the Problem of Applying the Transformation Model and the Model of the Reference Set of Features

The article focuses on analyzes of the translation of international legal discourse applying the transformational model of translation analysis and the model involving tertium comparacionis - the language-mediator as a standard for comparing the original and target texts. The aim of the article is to highlight the peculiarities of the application of the transformation model and the model of the reference set of features for translation analysis of international legal discourse. The article used a complex research methodology involving methods of translation analysis, componential analysis, structural transformational analysis, as well as the elements of comparative method and text-interpretive analysis. The study reached the following conclusions. First, the transformation of nuclear structures of the English original text into surface text structures of the Ukrainian translation, carried out in accordance with the three-stage model of transformational analysis, shows the need to reproduce in Ukrainian translation conditional relations implied in the form of explanatory or attributive meanings. It is found that none of the obtained transformational structures completely coincides with the official translation into Ukrainian. In addition, the Ukrainian translation omits the modal verb of obligation shall, which is present in the English original text, so that the fragment of the translation loses the connotations of imperative modality, which does not correspond to the style of the translated text. The application of the translation analysis model related to the identification of the reference set of features for the original and target texts showed the presence of both common and different features from the reference set. The difference in the text of the translation is revealed by such allomorphic features as (a) "object of action in the singular", in contrast to the original fragment with the object of action in the plural, (b) change from modality of possibility to epistemic modality with verb in the present tense, as well as (c) implicated condition relations in the target Ukrainian text, in contrast to the explicit expression of the condition of the text of the original.

Resolving meaning conflict in translation: An optimality approach to verse translation

This article proposes an application of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993) to translation analysis, suggesting that the translation process is regulated by a hierarchy of universal yet violable constraints. The constraints are always present but in conflict: strategies are determined by their hierarchy, and a constraint can be violated but only to avoid violation of a more highly-ranked constraint, i.e. a prioritised form of transfer. Optimalist concepts present in the literature are surveyed, and after a series of examples the authors propose that an optimalist approach reveals translators’ strategies and their basis both at a micro- and textual level, a theoretical basis for a multi-layer unit of translation, a cognitive basis for Toury’s two laws of translation, and they suggest that there are no others.

Piloting Strategies in Translating Adjective

<p><strong>Parts of speech are important knowledge that needs to be known in the learning language unit to find out the appropriate meaning. Parts of speech indicate the function of the word in forming the meaning within the sentence. This research investigates the translation model of emotional intelligence terms in root word and derivative, especially in adjective type as piloting strategies in translating adjective. The research objectives are (i) to construct a translation model of translating adjectives, (ii) to describe the adjective translation model, and (iii) to describe the way to use the model. The study was using a research development approach. A model was a product of the translation stage based on translation techniques in producing good translation quality. The research was developed based on the research conducted by Nur Hasyim (2019) about “The Translation Analysis of Emotional Intelligence Terms on the book entitled <em>Working with Emotional Intelligence</em> by Daniel Goleman (2019)”. The substance of the model was based on proposed translation techniques such as <em>established-</em> <em>equivalent, transposition, modulation, or borrowing</em>. Those techniques are the considerable techniques that can be used to navigate in translating adjectives to obtain good translation quality</strong>.</p><p><strong><span>Keywords - </span></strong><em><span>Adjective,</span></em><span> <em>Emotional intelligence, Developmental research, Piloting strategies, Translation model, Translation quality.</em></span></p>

PRE-TRANSLATION AND TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT (BASED ON THE NOVEL “OLENIADA” BY I. ROZDOBUDKO)

The article examines peculiarities of the translation analysis of the literary text, in particular the pre-translation stage and translation itself on the example of the political and satirical novel “Oleniada” by I. Rozdobudko. Each researcher has their own point of view on the structure and stages of the translation process. The translation of any text is a long process, which consists of different stages depending on the purpose of the final product. Obtaining a quality adequate translation in the target language requires the translator to take a number of steps to study the author’s work, his or her individual features, genre, if it’s necessary to be an expert on the issues described in the original text – history, medicine, culture, geography, criminology, etc. The vast majority of scholars in the field of translation studies do not distinguish between pre-translation and translation analyzes of text, considering them to be inseparable from each other. Pre-translation analysis of a literary text has its own laws, according to which the dominant features of the work are studied (anthropocentrism, aesthetic information, fiction, imagery, etc.). We define the relevance and prospects of further research on this topic in the comparison of pre-translation analyzes of literary texts by different authors and different genres.