A Quire Polycyclic Structure of N8 - A DFT Treatise

The present study considers a quire polycyclic structure of N8 and biradicals constructed from it which keep molecular integrity within the limitations of density functional theory at the levels of UB3LYP/6-311++G(2df,2p) and UB3LYP/cc-PVTZ. Certain structural, energetic, quantum chemical and spectral data have been obtained for them and discussed. The both methods of calculations generally produce parallel results.

Improvement of Methods of Calculations of Flood Water Passing Through Medium-Pressure Hydro Units Taking Into Ac-Count the Characteristics of Flood Wave

Створено гідродинамічну модель руху паводкових вод на ділянці р. Дністер від гідро­ло­гічного поста Заліщики до Дністровського гідровузла у програмному комплексі MIKE 11. Модель дає змогу визначити рівні у Дністровському водосховищі у будь-який момент часу у вигляді кривих вільної поверхні при пропуску паводків різної забез­печеності. Методика розрахунків пропуску паводків через Дністровський гідровузол на основі прогнозів приточності води з урахуванням характеристик паводкової хвилі та ре­жиму наповнення водосховища дає можливість зменшити максимальні витрати води під час паводкової хвилі через Дністровський гідровузол.

Quantum fields in curved spacetime: renormalization

In this chapter, which forms the central chapter of Part II, the effective action of quantum matter fields in curved spacetime is formulated in terms of functional integrals. A qualitative, albeit incompletely conclusive, analysis of divergences and renormalization in curved space is given. Both non-covariant and covariant methods of calculations are discussed. Normal coordinates and local momentum representation are used to derive the effective potential. The basic elements of the Schwinger-DeWitt technique are elaborated in detail, resulting in the general formulas for one-loop divergences. The heat-kernel technique is also discussed.

Integral assessment of the level of Ukraine’s economic security: Modeling and economic analysis

The influence of military-political instability at the state security has special consequences and cannot be ignored. That is why the methods of economic security calculations should be adapted to modern conditions. Significant changes in economic, political, social conditions in Ukraine because of the influence of military events cause the necessity of developing approaches to calculations of economic security level. The article aims at analyzing active methods of calculations of economic security level to adapt their indicators to actual economic circumstances in Ukraine and the world. Indicators of the economic security have been composed of budget, money-credit, foreign exchange, debt, known banking financial market security, banking security. Every component of economic security has factors of war influence, which, as a result, correlates with the integral indicator of economic security. The relevance and indispensability of reinforcement of the economy’s competitiveness on security foundations are substantiated. The authors’ methods of calculation of an integral indicator of economic security have been suggested. A taxonomic indicator is used to measure the level of security. Conclusions regarding the preconditions, capacity, and availability of tendencies of economic security in regions of the country have been made. Strategic priorities of the state policy for reinforcement of economic security have been substantiated.

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF CALCULATIONS OF N(h)-PROFILES OF THE IONOSPHERE BASED ON THE DATA OF IONOGRAMS OF VERTICAL SENSING

Two new methods are proposed for calculating the N(h)-profiles of the ionosphere from the data of vertical sounding ionograms based on numerical trajectory calculations in a mag-netically active medium. It has been shown experimentally that the model ionogram calculat-ed from the profiles obtained by both described methods is almost exactly consistent with the experimental one. Depending on the task, you can specify the choice of method. With some modification, they can be used as an automatic procedure for calculating N(h)- profiles.

Pipelines Designing By Using Hydraulic Criteria Equations

This work intend an original methodology, newly established by the authors, to design typical pipe systems by using hydraulic criteria equations, excluding the determination of the relevant Darcy factor. Therefore, it can be eliminated the necessity for searching iterative solutions of such problems. The established equations are easy to use, in terms of mathematical processing, which guarantees their proper application in solving engineering problems. It is considered for the proposed physical relations (equations) concerning the determination of the pipe system resistance characteristics to be highly useful in engineering practice, as for example: in determining a hydraulic machine work regime, used in a system transporting fluids, as well as in performing a synthesis and analysis of such systems or in accomplishing an energy analysis of pipe systems. A comparative analysis between the results found after applying the classical methods of calculations and by using a licensed specialized software product indicates that a highly sufficient (for engineering calculations) overlapping is achieved.

Multi-Level Mathematical Training of University Students

An important role for the purposeful development of the motivational component of the formed competences among students of engineering and natural-science (geological) specialties is played by the demonstration of the application of mathematical methods of calculations in engineering and geology. At the same time, the solution of practice-oriented tasks is of great importance.It is necessary to teach the student to master the material not only at the knowledge level, but also at the level of mastery of mathematical methods and models, interpolation and extrapolation not only in mathematics, but also in solving professional and life problems.

Contrast media routines in Norwegian hospitals – a mapping study

Introduction Optimal contrast enhancement in the organ of interest is crucial for the image quality of a CT examination. Potential side effects of contrast media range from mild to potentially severe. The use of the smallest possible amount, without compromising the image quality, is therefore preferable considering patient safety. Different methods of calculations, that consider different factors, are used to calculate the relevant amount. Our project focuses on the contrast media used in a "CT liver" examination among the public hospitals in Norway, and we wish to present the differences in contrast media routines.Methods Inquiries were sent to every public hospital that have a CT-lab in Norway, asking for their liver protocol, also including a short questionnaire. Eight example patients with different characteristics (sex, weight and body composition) were created. Information from the protocols and the questionnaires were used to calculate the amount of contrast media each of the hospitals would give to each example patient. Previous studies were used to calculate the recommended amounts of contrast media based on patient safety and optimal image quality. ResultsCalculations show differences between 66% and 117% (from lowest to highest amount) of contrast media given to the example patients. Out of the 30 participating hospitals, 6 use software, 17 use weight tables, 2 use fixed amounts and 5 use weight tables that takes body composition into consideration as their methods of calculating the amount of contrast media. None would have given more than the recommended amounts, considering patient safety, while between 6,7% and 36,7% would have given less than the recommended amounts, considering image quality. Conclusion The results show significant differences in contrast media usage among Norwegian hospitals. In conclusion, there is room for improvement and standardization of contrast media routines. Optimization of contrast media routines will benefit both patient safety, image quality and cost.

TECHNICAL CONDITION OF PRECAST BEAMS WITH THE USE OF EXPANDED LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE HOLLOW-CORE SLABS

The use of expanded lightweight concrete for the production of building structures can significantly reduce the weight, which is important in the manufacture of hollow-core slabs; the weight is a significant proportion of the total load. In the current regulatory documents, the physical and mechanical properties of expanded lightweight concrete differ significantly, and sometimes contradict each other. The defects and damages of expanded lightweight concrete hollow-core slabs are described in the case of the kindergarten built near 50 years ago. They appeared during the manufacture of the slabs - uncompacted concrete and uncovered ribs, or in the course of exploitation of the building - normal cracking, holes for pipes and corrosion of reinforcement. Two slabs in emergency condition have numerous longitudinal and shear cracks and chips of concrete caused by overloading. The differences in normative documents and methods of calculations used at the time of designing the kindergarten building and at the present time are shown. The assessment of the technical condition of the expanded lightweight concrete hollow-core slabs considering defects and damages are carried out