Aljabar: Bagaimana Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa Kelas VII?

A learning process, understanding is a prerequisite for improving cognitive abilities. To find out the extent of students' mathematical understanding ability by describing based on indicators used by researchers. The purpose of this study was to describe the five abilities of students towards mathematical understanding of algebra material in grade 7 MTs. This research method is a qualitative descriptive study. The sample selection uses the purposive sample method, namely three 7th grade students at MTs Manbaul Islam Soko, Tuban Regency. The research instrument used was a UAS test and interview questions, while to ensure the validity of the data, the researcher analyzed the data in two ways, namely the triangulation of data sources and triangulation of methods. The results of the study describe five students' mathematical understanding abilities on algebra material, namely reasoning and argument, devising strategies for solving problems, mathematizing, and communication. Keywords: Mathematical understanding ability, algebra Abstrak: Suatu proses belajar, pemahaman merupakan prasyarat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif. Untuk mengetahui sejauh manakah kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa dengan menguraikan berdasarkan indikator yang digunakan peneliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan lima kemampuan siswa terhadap pemahaman matematis pada materi aljabar di kelas 7 MTs. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metodhe sampel bertujuan (Purposive Sample) yaitu tiga siswa kelas 7 di MTs Manbaul Islam Soko Kabupaten Tuban. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes soal UAS dan wawancara, sedangkan untuk memastikan kevalidan data, peneliti menganalisis data dengan dua cara yaitu triangulasi sumber data dan triangulasi metode. Hasil penelitian memaparkan lima kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa pada materi aljabar yaitu reasoning and argument, devising strategies for solving problems, mathematizing, dan communication. Kata Kunci: kemampuan pemahaman matematis, aljabar

LITERASI MATEMATIKA SISWA MELALUI METODE MURDER (MOOD, UNDERSTAND, RECALL, DIGEST, EXPAND, REVIEW)

This paper aims to describe the mathematical literacy skills of students of SMAN 1 Takengon after being given learning using the MURDER method (Mood, Understand, Recall, Digest, Expand, Review). Mathematical literacy skills are seen according to the assessment framework according to PISA, namely 1) Communicating, 2) Mathematising, 3) Representation, 4) Reasoning and Argument, 5) Devising Strategies for Solving Problems, 6) Using Symbolic, Formal and Technical Language and Operation and 7) Using Mathematics Tools. This research is quantitative research involving 70 students of class XII of SMAN 1 Takengon. Based on the results of the analysis and processing of data obtained, namely th = 1.71 and t (1-α), = 1.67. This shows that the research hypothesis is accepted where students' mathematical literacy skills taught using the MURDER method are better than students' mathematical literacy skills taught with conventional learning models. The mathematical literacy skills of students in the experimental class are high with the number of students 20 people with a percentage of 57.14%. While the mathematics literacy skills of the control class students are classified as moderate with the number of students 17 people with a percentage of 48.57%. In the experimental class, there were 8 students or 22.86% in the very high category, superior to the control class, namely 5 students with a percentage of 14.29%.

ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIKA SISWA PADA KONTEN SPACE AND SHAPE

Kemampuan literasi matematika masih menjadi tren di dunia pendidikan saat ini. PISA merupakan salah satu studi yang mengukur kemampuan siswa dalam proses penalaran, memberikan argumen dan pemecahan masalah. Dari beberapa konten yang diukur, peneliti memfokuskan pada space and shape materi pythagoras. Pertanyaan pada penelitian ini adalah bagiamana kemampuan literasi siswa pada konten space and shape materi pythagoras. Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 80% siswa berada pada level di bawah 1 dan 20% berada pada level 1. Dari beberapa indikator yang dinilai pada aspek communication menunjukkan skor rata- rata 3,13; skor komponen mathematising rata- rata 2,13; skor komponen representation rata- rata 2,33; skor komponen reasoning and argument rata- rata 2,13; skor devising strategies and solving problem 2,56; komponen using symbolic, formal and technical language and operation memperoleh skor rata- rata 3,00; dan skor rata- rata kemampuan using mathematics tools memperoleh skor 2,66. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi siswa pada konten space shape masih sangat rendahABSTRACTMathematical literacy is still a trend in the world of education today. PISA is one study that measures the ability of students in the process of reasoning, providing arguments and problem solving. From some of the content measured, researchers focus on the space and shape of pythagorean material. The question in this study is how the literacy ability of students in the content space and shape pythagorean material. In this study, researchers used a qualitative approach with methods of observation, documentation and interviews. The results showed as many as 80% of students were at the level below 1 and 20% were at level 1. Of the several indicators assessed on the communication aspect showed an average score of 3.13; the average score of the mathematising component is 2.13; average component score score of 2.33; the reasoning and argument component score averaged 2.13; score devising strategies and solving problems 2.56; components using symbolic, formal and technical language and operation obtain an average score of 3.00; and the average score of ability to use mathematics tools obtain a score of 2.66. The results showed that the literacy ability of students in space shape content was still very low.

Sophie Olúwọlé's Major Contributions to African Philosophy

This article provides an overview of the contributions to philosophy of Nigerian philosopher Sophie Bọ´sẹ`dé Olúwọlé (1935–2018). The first woman to earn a philosophy PhD in Nigeria, Olúwọlé headed the Department of Philosophy at the University of Lagos before retiring to found and run the Centre for African Culture and Development. She devoted her career to studying Yoruba philosophy, translating the ancient Yoruba Ifá canon, which embodies the teachings of Orunmila, a philosopher revered as an Óríṣá in the Ifá pantheon. Seeing his works as examples of secular reasoning and argument, she compared Orunmila's and Socrates' philosophies and methods and explored similarities and differences between African and European philosophies. A champion of African oral traditions, Olúwọlé argued that songs, proverbs, liturgies, and stories are important sources of African responses to perennial philosophical questions as well as to contemporary issues, including feminism. She argued that the complementarity that ran throughout Yoruba philosophy guaranteed women's rights and status, and preserved an important role for women, youths, and foreigners in politics.

PISA-LIKE MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS: USING TAEKWONDO CONTEXT OF ASIAN GAMES

This research aims to produce a valid, practical, and having potential effects PISA-like mathematics problems using taekwondo context in Asian Games. The subjects were MIA 3 student of SMA 10 Palembang. This study was design research of development study in which had two stages: the preliminary and formative evaluation. The formative evaluation includes self-evaluation, one-to-one and expert review, small group, and field test. The context is used to have the students estimate maximum numbers of exercising athletes in a hall with a specific size. The result of the analysis shows that the problems which were reviewed by three expert reviews are valid qualitatively based on the PISA framework; it is also practical and easy to understand the problem. Based on the analysis of students’ answer, the developed problems display potential effects on student’s diverse basic mathematical abilities on the various process of answering the problems. The basic mathematics abilities emerging among which are reasoning and argument ability. It appears that students can develop and solve the problem by modeling using their assumptions. Also, the other ability is designing strategies to solve problems in which students use various procedures in solving problems leading the conclusion.

DEVELOPING MATHEMATICS QUESTIONS OF PISA TYPE USING BANGKA CONTEXT

This study aims to develop a math problem type PISA to familiarize students using problems with PISA standard and produces a valid, practical, PISA context of Bangka (Tanjung Kalian Lighthouse) type and see the basic math skills (KDM) seen from the context of Tanjung Kalian lighthouse. The research method used is design research with the type of research development or development studies. The result of the research is a valid PISA math problem at the expert review stage and one to one, while small group stages do the practicality. The ability that is found in the form of communication, representation, mathematical, reasoning, and argument, and formulates a strategy to solve the problem.

Are University Students Who Are Taking Philosophy Courses Familiar with the Basic Tools for Argument?

Philosophy courses help students develop logical reasoning and argument skills or so it is widely assumed. To test if this is actually the case, we examined university students’ familiarity with the basic tools for argument. Our findings, based on a sample of 651 students enrolled in philosophy courses at six Greek universities, indicate that students who have prior experience with philosophy are more familiar with the basic tools for argument, and that students who have taken philosophy courses at the university have stronger argument-recognition and argument-evaluation skills compared to university students with no prior experience with philosophy. Moreover, our findings suggest that students get more familiar with the basic tools for argument as their level of engagement with philosophy increases, and that they get significantly better at evaluating arguments when they become graduate students in philosophy. However, our findings also suggest that the majority of students in philosophy classrooms haven’t developed fluency in (at least some) basic argument-related concepts and skills. To remedy this, we argue that philosophy instructors need to re-think (a) the place that the teaching of argument has in philosophy courses, and (b) the way that they teach students about argument.

LONG JUMP IN ASIAN GAMES: CONTEXT OF PISA-LIKE MATHEMATICS PROBLEMS

This study aimed to produce a set of PISA-like mathematics problems content of uncertainty and data using long jump context in Asian Games that were valid, practical and had potential effects on the ability of the students’ mathematical literacy. This study used the design research method of development studies type in two stages, preliminary and formative evaluation. The subject of this study involved 34 students of Senior High School. The result of this study was a set of PISA-like mathematics problems using long jump context in Asian Games which were valid, practical, and had potential effects. The result of students’ answer analysis showed some strategies and arguments used by students. In question 1, 3 out of 34 students were involved in representation, reasoning and argument ability, 31 out of 34 students were involved in reasoning and argument ability. In question 2, 30 out of 34 students were involved in representation and reasoning and argument ability, and 4 out of 34 students were involved in communication, representation, reasoning and argument ability. Also, using the PISA-like mathematics problems with long jump context made students more interested and active during the learning process.