UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN KIRINYUH (Chromolaena odorata) TERHADAP BAKTERI MDR (Multi Drug Resistant) DENGAN METODE KLT BIOAUTOGRAFI

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol daun kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) terhadap bakteri MDR dengan metode KLT-bioautografi. Bakteri uji yang digunakan adalah bakteri MDR S.lugdunensis MRSA, K.pneumoniae ESBL dan P.aeruginosa ESBL. Metode ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol p.a.Untuk pengujian KLT-bioautografi, ekstrak metanol daun kirinyuh ditotolkan pada plat KLT kemudian dielusi dengan eluen metanol:kloroform (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8 dan 1:9), kemudian plat KLT ditempelkan pada media MHA yang telah diinokulasikan ke 3 bakteri MDR dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Zona hambat yang terbentuk dilakukan identifikasi senyawa menggunakan pereaksi semprot FeCl3, dragendorff, uap amoniak, SbCl3 dan Lieberman bouchardat. Hasil uji KLT-bioautografi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun kirinyuh dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri yang ditandai terbentuknya zona bening pada EMDKF3, EMDKF7b, EMDKF9b dengan masing-masing nilai Rf 0,47 cm (fenol), 0,87 cm (flavonoid), 0,92 cm (flavonoid) pada bakteri S.lugdunensis MRSA dan EMDKF2, EMDKF7a, EMDKF7c dengan masing-masing nilai Rf 0,6 cm (flavonoid), 0,57 cm (alkaloid), 0,96 cm (flavonoid) pada bakteri K.pneumoniae ESBL, sedangkan pada bakteri P.aeruginosa ESBL ekstrak metanol daun kirinyuh tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang ditunjukkan dengan tidak ada zona bening yang terbentuk. Senyawa yang berperan sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri S.lugdunensis MRSA dan K.pneumoniae ESBL adalah senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid dan fenol. Kata Kunci: Chromolaena odorata, Bakteri MDR, Aktivitas Antibakteri, KLT Bioautografi ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata) against MDR bacteria by TLC-bioautography method. The test bacteria used were MDR S.lugdunensis MRSA, K.pneumoniae ESBL and P.aeruginosa ESBL. The extraction method is carried out by maceration using methanol solvent p.a. for TLC-bioautographic testing, the methanol extract of the kirinyuh leaves was poured on the TLC plate then eluted with methanol:chloroform eluent (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, 3:7, 2:8 and 1:9), then the TLC plate was attached to the MHA media which had been inoculated to 3 MDR bacteria and incubated for 24 hours. Inhibition zones formed were identified using compound spray reagents FeCl3, dragendorff, ammonia vapor, SbCl3 and Lieberman bouchardat. The TLC-bioautographic test results showed that the methanolic extract of kirinyuh leaves can inhibit bacterial growth marked by the formation of clear zones in EMDKF3, EMDKF7b, EMDKF9b with each Rf value of 0,47 cm (phenol), 0,87 cm (flavonoids), 0,92 cm (flavonoids) in S.lugdunensis MRSA and EMDKF2, EMDKF7a, EMDKF7c bacteria with Rf values of 0,6 cm (flavonoids), 0,57 cm (alkaloids), 0,96 cm (flavonoids) in K.pneumoniae ESBL, whereas in P.aeruginosa ESBL bacteria the methanolic extract of kirinyuh leaves had no antibacterial activity as indicated by no clear zone formed. The compounds that act as antibacterial against the bacteria S.lugdunensis MRSA and K.pneumoniae ESBL are alkaloid, flavonoid and phenol compounds.Keywords: Chromolaena odorata, MDR Bacteria, Antibacterial Activity, TLC Bioautography

ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND SECONDARY METABOLITE ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL ISOLATE FROM PERONEMA CANESCENS JACK LEAF AND COPTOSAPELTA TOMENTOSA VAL. K. HEYNE ROOT

Has been done Isolation, Characterization and Secondary Metabolite Endophytic Fungal Isolate from Peronema canescens Jack Leave and Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton K. Heyne Root. The aim of this research is to know the number of fungal isolates, chromatogram profile and secondary metabolite group of endophytic fungal isolates from P. canencens leaves and C. tomentosa root. Characterization of endophytic fungal isolates was done macroscopically and microscopically. Identification of secondary metabolites endophytic fungal isolates were performed by chemical reaction test and TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) method with specific spray reagents. The data of this study were obtained based on the number of endophytic fungal that can be isolated, observing macroscopic and microscopic morphological profiles, chromatogram profile and secondary metabolites of each endophytic fungal isolated. The results showed that endophytic fungal that can be isolated from P. canencens leaves four isolates, and two isolates from C. tomentosa root. Morphological profile macroscopic endophytic fungal of the six isolates showed a greenish-colored colony, white gray, clear black. Microscopic profile of each fungal isolate having spores, sprangiosphora, sporangium, conidia, hyphae and stolon. The identified secondary metabolites are: alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, and polyphenols.

In-vitro bioactivity of Venda medicinal plants used in the treatment of respiratory conditions

Infectious diseases, especially those affecting the respiratory tract, represent a critical problem to health. Crude methanol and water extracts of 10 Venda plants reported to be used ethnomedically in the treatment of respiratory conditions were assessed for their antimicrobial activity against standard strains and clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Haemophilis influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium smegmatis using the disc diffusion assay. Four of the 10 plants tested possessed antimicrobial activity, but no activity against K. pneumoniae was observed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations, as determined by the broth microdilution assay, showed three plants, Securidaca longepedunculata, Syzygium cordatum, and Tabernaemontana elegans, to possess MICs ≤ 1 mg/mL. Phytochemical screening, performed by separation on thin layer chromatography using a variety of mobile phases and visualization with spray reagents as well as UV light showed various classes of compounds in the active extracts. Some of these have been associated with antioxidant activity, as confirmed in this study. Moreover, these extracts showed toxicity in vitro to lymphocytes. Although three plant species with significant antimicrobial activity were identified, there is a need for further scientific evaluation regarding identification of the bioactive constituents, as well as their toxicity.