The future of animal-source food demand and supply in Africa

Demand for animal-source foods (ASF) has grown substantially in Africa over the last four decades, fueled mainly by population growth, urbanization, and modest gains in per capita incomes. Further growth over the medium and longer terms is expected as these trends in external drivers continue, with implications of this growth reflecting a multitude of economic, environmental, and public health trade-offs. This paper provides a focused, forward-looking perspective on key emerging issues around changes in ASF consumption and supply in Africa.

Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Animal-Source Food Consumption in Turkey

In this study, before and during COVID-19 pandemic food consuming habits of people living is seven regions of Turkey were examined and it was investigated how this findings change depending on such demographic characteristics as people’s gender, age, education level, marital status and average monthly income. Surveys were conducted on 800 people across Turkey via the internet, and the results were tested with non-parametric test methods in terms of whether there was any significance difference between dependent and independent groups. At the same time, the factors that will affect the consumers' consumption of these products in the future were analyzed by the method of regression trees. A significant difference was found between the consumption frequencies of meat-type foods before and during COVID-19 among consumers. It was found that daily consumption of yoghurt increased too much during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the results of regression tree analisys average monthly income was found is the most affecting factor the consumers' preference of these products in the future. In the study, it was determined that at the zoonotic infection knowledge levels, most of the participants did not give up their food habits at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, it was determined that they did not give up their consumption of animal-based food. Finally, it is recommended people to be conscious consumers and that necessary studies should be carried out to reduce their anxiety in any pandemic.

Animal source food eating habits of outpatients with antimicrobial resistance in Bukavu, D.R. Congo

Background Antibiotic resistance is a public health concern in Democratic Republic Congo and worldwide. It is usually caused by antibiotic over prescription or dispensing practices. The consumption of animal source food (ASF) could be another source of antibiotic resistance but is rarely studied. The objective of the study was to evaluate the eating habits of ASF by outpatients with antimicrobial resistance through an analysis of (i) the association of their antimicrobial resistance with ASF consumption; (ii) the influence of the types of ASF on their antimicrobial resistance. Methods This is a retrospective analytical study conducted at three major Hospitals in Bukavu City (D. R. Congo). A total number of 210 patients, whose samples (mainly faeces and urine) had been subjected to bacterial examination, was included in this study. Morphological, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility (using disc diffusion method) tests were performed on the samples. This served to isolate and identify resistant bacteria. Afterwards, patients responded to questions about the types and quantity of ASF eaten in the last week. We analysed data using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and non-parametric ranking tests. Results Escherichia coli (37.1%), Klebsiella pneumonae (14.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (13.8%) were the most prevalent bacteria. E. coli (68.4%) and K. pneumonae (87.5%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), while S. aureus (7.7%) was minor. Low beef (O.R. 0.737, C.I. 0.542–1.002) and pork (O.R. 0.743, C.I. 0.560 – 0.985) consumption led to significantly (p < 0.05) lower risks of resistance to ciprofloxacin. Patients eating three different ASF per week had the highest resistance score (20.67) and high consumption rates of goat meat, pork and milk (41.5%). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest a contribution of human nutrition to antimicrobial resistance frequency. Our results show the existence of a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in patients for which eating beef, pork and drinking milk are major risk factors. Therefore, a stricter control of antibiotic usage in livestock production and of their presence in ASF is recommended.

Animal Source Food Eating Habits of Outpatients With Antimicrobial Resistance in Bukavu, D.R. Congo

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a public health concern in Democratic Republic Congo and worldwide. It is usually caused by antibiotic over prescription or dispensing practices. The consumption of animal source food (ASF) could be another source of antibiotic resistance but is rarely studied. The objective of the study was to evaluate the eating habits of ASF by outpatients with antimicrobial resistance through an analysis of (i) the association of their antimicrobial resistance with ASF consumption; (ii) the influence of the types of ASF on their antimicrobial resistance.Methods: This is a retrospective analytical study conducted at three major Hospitals in Bukavu City (D. R. Congo). A total number of 210 patients, whose samples (mainly faeces and urine) had been subjected to bacterial examination, was included in this study. Morphological, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility (using disc diffusion method) tests were performed on the samples. This served to isolate and identify resistant bacteria. Afterwards, patients responded to questions about the types and quantity of ASF eaten in the last week. We analysed data using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and non-parametric ranking tests.Results: Escherichia coli (37.1%), Klebsiella pneumonae (14.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (13.8%) were the most prevalent bacteria. E. coli (68.4%) and K. pneumonae (87.5%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), while S. aureus (7.7%) was minor. Low beef (O.R. 0.737, C.I. 0.542-1.002) and pork (O.R. 0.743, C.I. 0.560 – 0.985) consumption led to significantly (p<0.05) lower risks of resistance to ciprofloxacin. Patients eating three different ASF per week had the highest resistance score (20.67) and high consumption rates of goat meat, pork and milk (41.5%). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest a contribution of human nutrition to antimicrobial resistance frequency. Our results show the existence of a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in patients frequently consuming ASF in Bukavu. Therefore, a stricter control of antibiotic usage in livestock production and of their presence in ASF is recommended.