Study on the Wearing Performance of Compression Stockings and Its Influence on the Blood Flow Velocity of Lower Limbs

Compression stockings can reduce venous pressure and improve venous return by applying progressive pressure on the lower limbs from bottom to top, thereby preventing and treating venous diseases of the lower limbs. The purpose of this research is to conduct a preliminary understanding and analysis of compression stockings through various mechanical properties and feel styles of compression stockings, and to explore the effect of compression stockings on the blood flow of lower limbs by using blood flow speed as an experimental index. The results show that low-grade compression stockings are more effective in accelerating blood flow in healthy people under sedentary conditions.

Influence of Obesity and Exercise on β2-Adrenergic-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Peritoneal Murine Macrophages

Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition, and β2-adrenergic agonists as well as exercise have been proposed as anti-inflammatory strategies in obesity, so it is critical to accurately determine the effects of β2-adrenergic stimulation, especially when combined with other non-pharmacological therapies. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of β2-adrenergic activation on the inflammatory profile and phenotype of macrophages, and whether these effects could be affected by obesity and exercise in this condition. High-fat diet-induced obese and lean C57BL/6J mice were allocated to sedentary or exercised groups. The inflammatory profiles and phenotypes of their peritoneal macrophages were assessed by flow cytometry in the presence or absence of the selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist terbutaline. β2-adrenergic activation caused global phenotypic anti-inflammatory effects in lean and obese sedentary mice, which were more drastic (also including anti-inflammatory effects on the cytokine profile) in obese animals. In exercised lean and obese animals, this anti-inflammatory effect is weaker and only evident by decreased iNOS and IL-8 expression, without changes in the anti-inflammatory markers. Therefore, β2-adrenergic activation leads to anti-inflammatory effects, but these effects are modulated by obesity in sedentary conditions, as well as by regular exercise; but not by obesity in trained conditions.

Post-labor rehabilitation with the use of a sports and game model for work in hypodynamic conditions

When working for a long time in sedentary conditions, the human body is adversely affected by the factor of inactivity. In this regard, large groups of workers and students need post-work rehabilitation, based primarily on increasing the level of motor activity. When using existing simulators, they are faced with their insufficient motivational component.The aim of the study was to substantiate the relevance of the development of “psychophysical coupling” simulators. The dynamics of the functional status of the examined persons after using the simulators indicates the effectiveness of their use in the process of post-work rehabilitation.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The declare no conflict of interests.

Endurance exercise training and high-fat diet differentially affect composition of diacylglycerol molecular species in rat skeletal muscle

Insulin resistance of peripheral muscle is implicated in the etiology of metabolic syndrome in obesity. Although accumulation of glycerolipids, such as triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol (DAG), in muscle contributes to insulin resistance in obese individuals, endurance-trained athletes also have higher glycerolipid levels but normal insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that the difference in insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle between athletes and obese individuals stems from changes in fatty acid composition of accumulated lipids. Here, we evaluated the effects of intense endurance exercise and high-fat diet (HFD) on the accumulation and composition of lipid molecular species in rat skeletal muscle using a lipidomic approach. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to three groups and received either normal diet (ND) in sedentary conditions, ND plus endurance exercise training, or HFD in sedentary conditions. Rats were fed ND or HFD between 4 and 12 wk of age. Rats in the exercise group ran on a treadmill for 120 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Soleus muscle lipidomic profiles were obtained using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Total DAG levels, particularly those of palmitoleate-containing species, were increased in muscle by exercise training. However, whereas the total DAG level in the muscle was also increased by HFD, the levels of DAG molecular species containing palmitoleate were decreased by HFD. The concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species containing palmitoleate was increased by exercise but decreased by HFD. Our results indicate that although DAG accumulation was similar levels in trained and sedentary obese rats, specific changes in molecular species containing palmitoleate were opposite.

Sedentary conditions and enhanced responses to GABA in the RVLM: role of the contralateral RVLM

A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and both conditions are associated with overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. Ongoing discharge of sympathetic nerves is regulated by the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which in turn is modulated by the primary excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), respectively. We reported previously that sedentary conditions enhance GABAergic modulation of sympathoexcitation in the RVLM, despite overall increased sympathoexcitation. Thus the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that sedentary conditions increase responsiveness to GABA in RVLM. Male Sprague-Dawley rats performed either chronic wheeling running or remained sedentary for 12–15 wk. Animals were instrumented to perform RVLM microinjections under Inactin anesthesia while mean arterial pressure (MAP) and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) were recorded. Unilateral microinjections of GABA (30 nl, 0.3–600 mM) into the RVLM produced dose-dependent decreases in MAP and SSNA; however, no group differences were observed. Inhibition of the contralateral RVLM (muscimol, 2 mM, 90 nl) caused decreases in MAP and SSNA that were not different between groups but enhanced decreases in SSNA to GABA in sedentary rats only. In sinoaortic denervated rats, GABA microinjections before or after inhibition of the contralateral RVLM caused decreases in MAP and SSNA that were not different between groups. Our results suggest that the contralateral RVLM plays an important role in buffering responses to inhibition of the ipsilateral RVLM under sedentary but not physically active conditions. Based on these studies and others, sedentary conditions appear to enhance both sympathoinhibitory and sympathoexcitatory mechanisms in the RVLM. Enhanced sympathoinhibition may act to reduce already elevated sympathetic nervous system activity following sedentary conditions.

Mitochondrial KATP channel inhibition blunts arrhythmia protection in ischemic exercised hearts

The mechanisms responsible for anti-arrhythmic protection during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in exercised hearts are not fully understood. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether the ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the mitochondria (mito KATP) and sarcolemma (sarc KATP) provide anti-arrhythmic protection in exercised hearts during IR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to cardioprotective treadmill exercise or sedentary conditions before IR (I = 20 min, R = 30 min) in vivo. Subsets of exercised animals received pharmacological inhibitors for mito KATP (5-hydroxydecanoate) or sarc KATP (HMR1098) before IR. Blinded analysis of digital ECG tracings revealed that mito KATP inhibition blunted the anti-arrhythmic effects of exercise, while sarc KATP inhibition did not. Endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities for total, CuZn, and Mn superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase from ischemic and perfused ventricular tissue were not mitigated by IR, although oxidative stress was elevated in sedentary and mito KATP-inhibited hearts from exercised animals. These findings suggest that the mito KATP channel provides anti-arrhythmic protection as part of exercise-mediated cardioprotection against IR. Furthermore, these data suggest that the observed anti-arrhythmic protection may be associated with preservation of redox balance in exercised hearts.