Déterminants des itinéraires de transhumance à la périphérie de la réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W au Bénin

Objectifs : la présente étude vise à identifier les facteurs concourant à la définition des itinéraires de transhumance et analyser la perception des éleveurs transhumants sur les déterminants de ces itinéraires en vue d’une amélioration de la prise de décision dans la gestion des écosystèmes pâturés. Méthodologie et résultats : la démarche méthodologique a consisté à cartographier, avec le logiciel ArcGIS 10.4, les infrastructures pastorales et à faire une enquête socioéconomique de la perception des transhumants sur la situation et la gestion des couloirs. Les résultats indiquent l’existence de couloirs locaux ou communaux, intercommunaux et régionaux autour de la réserve. Il existe des liens significatifs entre couloirs et points d’eau, postes vétérinaires frontaliers, marchés à bétail, parcs de vaccination, pharmacies et cabinets vétérinaires. Dans certaines zones, les couloirs n’existent pas, sont obstrués, non fonctionnels ou confondus aux pâturages. Les itinéraires sont dynamiques et régressent numériquement avec le temps du fait de la dégradation des parcours, de l’obstruction des couloirs, des conflits et de l’assèchement des points d’eau. L’histoire, la culture et les institutions aussi sont déterminants. Conclusions et application des résultats : les déterminants des itinéraires de transhumance à la périphérie de la réserve du W sont historiques, culturels, environnementaux, socio-économiques et institutionnels. Les différents types de couloirs sont interconnectés. Une gestion rationnelle, apaisée et durable des itinéraires de transhumance nécessite une connaissance approfondie de ces déterminants dans les écosystèmescibles. La mise en place d’une base de données permettrait aux autorités à divers niveaux d’avoir une vue d’ensemble sur la répartition de ces infrastructures et des outils d’aide à la décision pour une meilleure valorisation du pastoralisme et un meilleur suivi des ressources et infrastructures pastorales. Mots clés : couloirs de transhumance, représentation cartographique, analyse de perception, réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W du Bénin. Kperou Gado et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Déterminants des itinéraires de transhumance à la périphérie de la réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W au Bénin 15651 Determinants of transhumance corridors at the periphery of the transboundary biosphere reserve of W in Benin ABSTRACT Objectives: this study aims to identify the factors contributing to the definition of transhumance corridors and analyse the perception of transhumant herders on the determinants of these corridors with a view to improving decision-making in the management of grazed ecosystems. Methodology and results: the methodological approach consisted on mapping, with ArcGIS 10.4 software, pastoral infrastructures and carrying out a socio-economic survey of the perception of transhumants on the situation and management of the corridors. The results indicate the existence of local or municipal, intermunicipal and regional corridors around the reserve. There are significant links between corridors and water points, border veterinary posts, livestock markets, vaccination parks, pharmacies and veterinary surgeries. In some areas, the corridors do not exist, are obstructed, non-functional or confused with pastures. The corridors are dynamic and regress numerically over time due to the deterioration of the pastures, the obstruction of the corridors, conflicts and the drying up of water points. History, culture and institutions are also crucial. Conclusions and application of results: the determinants of the transhumance corridors on the periphery of the W reserve are historical, cultural, environmental, socio-economic and institutional. The different types of corridors are interconnected. Rational, peaceful and sustainable management of transhumance routes requires an in-depth knowledge of these determinants in the target ecosystems. The establishment of a database would allow authorities at various levels to have an overview of the distribution of these infrastructures and decision-making tools for better valorisation of pastoralism and better monitoring of pastoral resources and infrastructures. Keywords: transhumance corridors, cartographic representation, perception analysis, Benin W transboundary biosphere reserve.

Land Conflicts and Land Tenure Effects on Agriculture Productivity in Chad

The objective of this article is to measure the extent of land conflicts on agricultural productivity and yields in the most conflict-prone regions of Chad. We obtained the results that, the interaction of land conflicts in agricultural activity is a barrier to productivity and the improvement of agricultural yields. The effects of climate change on yields and productivity are dwindled by government reforms and subventions in the agriculture' sector. Hence, we recommend the government to promote customary land tenure to reduce conflict and in another hand to trace transhumance corridors to support the State's agricultural reform efforts.

Diversité Floristique Et Usages Des Ligneux Le Long Des Couloirs De Transhumance Dans La Commune De Savè Au Centre Bénin

The vegetation cover of the District of Savè is subject to continuous pressure linked inter alia to the cutting of wood, agriculture and livestock through transhumance. Thus, forage seedlings are regularly used mainly during the dry season by transhumant herds. In this context, the characterization of woody pastures and the study of the uses of its timber by the local populations is a major imperative for their preservation and sustainable management. To this end, socio-economic surveys were carried out among the stakeholders involved in the use of these plant resources. The phytosociological surveys (29 plots of 30 m * 30 m) were carried out using the sigmatite method of Braum blanquet. Different indices have been calculated. The graph of the raw and weighted spectra was carried out. The characterization of the structure of the pasture shows a predominance of the individuals of circumference of between 30 and 50 cm. Mesophanerophytes are the most abundant and dominant forms of life, while chronologically Sudanese and Sudano-Zambeze species are the most represented. The most represented families are the combretaceae the leguminoseae. The Shannon diversity index varies from 3.21 to 3.95 bits and the Piélou equitability from 0.72 to 0.83 from one pasture to another. Three (3) types of pasture were identified along transhumance corridors. Namely: the pasture at Lannea velutina and Bridelia ferruginea; Pasture in Trichilia emetica and Annona senegalensis and grazing in Pteleopsis suberosa and Pericopsis laxiflora. This study shows that the environmental conditions favor the installation of several species along the transhumance corridors. The uses of forage resources, such as pruning for feeding livestock, charcoal making, fuelwood research, particularly in transhumance corridors, are not likely to Conservations