Acute irritation of tetracyclic c-4-hydroxyphenylcalics [4] pyrogalolarene on skin of albino rabbits

C-4-hydroxyphenylcalix[4] pyrogalolarene (Pg4OH) is a synthetic chemical compound that shows strong antioxidant activity. It is potential to be developed as UV skin protector. For topical admission, an acute skin irritation test is being prerequisite to be fulfill. This study was conducted to investigate the irritation effect of Pg4OH on the skin. In vivo study by quasi experiment with posttest only design was carried out by employing 3 adult male albino rabbits. The back hair was shaved at 24 h before the treatment. The Pg4OH was smeared on the bare shaved-skin and left naturally within 4 h. The observation began at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure. The erythema and edema scores were measured. Calculation by using primary irritation index (PII) was applied. Calculation was categorized with globally harmonized system (GHS) and international organization for standardization (ISO) parameters. As a result, among three rabbits, only one animal shown erythema and edema with very small size (score: 1), on 3 sites, at 72 h. Both the control site and the sample sites gained same score. Two other rabbits were obtained 0 value at each observation location. According to the PII, the observed data was obtained score 0.0093 (very light or negligible). It can be concluded that the tetracyclic compound of Pg4OH does not irritate the skin.

Efek Iritasi Sabun Mandi Batang Mengandung Susu Produk Usaha Kecil Menengah di Kota Cimahi

One of the ways to increase profit in small and medium business (UKM) in Cimahi is by diversifying its products, through manufacturing of bar soap derived from cow's milk from UKM. The requirement of bath soap is proper acidity (pH) level, otherwise it will make the skin dry, itchy or even increase irritation. Therefore, this in vivo non-clinical irritation evaluation is conducted to evaluate the effects of bar soap produced by UKM in Cimahi according to the guidelines in rat test animals. The animals is divided into five groups and exposed to soap for four hours. Five soap samples is obtained from UKM in Cipageran area, Cimahi. Observations is made at the hours of 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure and is continued for 14 days. The measured parameters is erythema and edema, and the primary irritation index. The results showed that bar soap containing cow milk produced by UKM in Cimahi did not cause erythema and edema. Primary irritation index of all bath soap samples was 0.0 . It can be concluded that soap bars containing cow's milk produced by Cimahi City UKM including into the category of very mild irritation (negligigle).

Uji Iritasi Formulasi Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) pada Kelinci Albino Putih

Based on research before, ethanolic extract of bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) has been tested can inhibit the growth of acne-causing bacteria, therefore made an anti-acne cream for easy used. Thi study aims to know primary irritation activity of bawang dayak using patch test method. The results showed that the primary irritation index of control group (0.625< 2), P1 was 1g of cream (0.75< 2), P2 was 0.5g of cream (0<2) and P3 was 0.25g of cream (0< 2) in category of invisible irritation, so it can be concluded that the cream of ethanolic extract of bawang dayak topically does not irritate animals.

A Novel Approach for Development and Characterization of Effective Mosquito Repellent Cream Formulation Containing Citronella Oil

Citronella essential oil (CEO) has been reported as an excellent mosquito repellent; however, mild irritancy and rapid volatility limit its topical application. It was aimed to develop a nonirritant, stable, and consistent cream of CEO with improved residence time on skin using an industrial approach. Phase inversion temperature technique was employed to prepare the cream. It was optimized and characterized based on sensorial evaluation, emulsification, and consistency in terms of softness, greasiness, stickiness, and pH. The optimum batch (B5) was evaluated for viscosity (90249.67 ± 139.95 cP), texture profile with respect to firmness (38.67 ± 0.88 g), spreadability (70.33 ± 0.88 mJ), and extrudability (639.67 ± 8.09 ± 0.1 mJ) using texture analyzer along with two most popular marketed products selected as reference standard. Subsequently, B5 was found to be stable for more than 90 days and showed enhanced duration of mosquito repellency as compared to CEO. HS-GC ensured the intactness of CEO in B5. Investigated primary irritation index (PII 0.45) positioned B5 into the category of irritation barely perceptible. The pronounced texture profile and stability of B5 with extended residence time and less PII revealed its potential application in industry and offered a promising alternative to the marketed products of synthetic origin.