Primary irritation index and safety zone of cosmetics: retrospective analysis of skin patch tests in 7440 Korean women during 12 years

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. An ◽  
H. Ham ◽  
E. J. Choi ◽  
M. K. Shin ◽  
S. S. An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Safety Zone ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Skin Patch ◽  
Primary Irritation ◽  
Primary Irritation Index

8 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Polyquaternium-11

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Skin Patch ◽  
Available Information

Polyquaternium-11 is a quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and di-methylamine ethylmethacrylate, and is used at concentrations up to 50% in a variety of hair care preparations. The acute oral LD50 in test animals of high molecular weight Polyqua-ternium-11 is estimated to be greater than 12.8 g/kg; the LD50 for the low molecular weight polymer is calculated to be 6.2 g/kg. At concentrations of up to 50% in water, the raw ingredient produced no signs of skin or eye irritation. There was no evidence of dermal toxicity in subchronic tests nor in a maximization test for sensitization. In clinical studies, 1 of 19 subjects showed slight skin irritation after a 24-hour single insult skin patch with 9.5% Polyquaternium-11 in water. Repeated insult patch tests at concentrations up to 50% produced no instances of skin sensitization and only isolated instances of transient skin irritation. Clinical photoreactivity studies on both low and high molecular weight polymers showed no evidence of phototoxicity or photoallergenicity. From the available information, it is concluded that Polyquaternium-11 is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the present practices of use.

The Value of Ki67 in Very Young Women with Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Retrospective Analysis of 9,321 Korean Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 3481-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisun Kim ◽  
Wonshik Han ◽  
So-Youn Jung ◽  
Yeon Hee Park ◽  
Hyeong-Gon Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Hormone Receptor Positive ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Development and Characterization of Effective Mosquito Repellent Cream Formulation Containing Citronella Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad Yadav ◽  
Vineet Kumar Rai ◽  
Nidhi Mishra ◽  
Priyam Sinha ◽  
Dnyaneshwar Umrao Bawankule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sensorial Evaluation ◽  
Primary Irritation ◽  
Primary Irritation Index

Citronella essential oil (CEO) has been reported as an excellent mosquito repellent; however, mild irritancy and rapid volatility limit its topical application. It was aimed to develop a nonirritant, stable, and consistent cream of CEO with improved residence time on skin using an industrial approach. Phase inversion temperature technique was employed to prepare the cream. It was optimized and characterized based on sensorial evaluation, emulsification, and consistency in terms of softness, greasiness, stickiness, and pH. The optimum batch (B5) was evaluated for viscosity (90249.67 ± 139.95 cP), texture profile with respect to firmness (38.67 ± 0.88 g), spreadability (70.33 ± 0.88 mJ), and extrudability (639.67 ± 8.09 ± 0.1 mJ) using texture analyzer along with two most popular marketed products selected as reference standard. Subsequently, B5 was found to be stable for more than 90 days and showed enhanced duration of mosquito repellency as compared to CEO. HS-GC ensured the intactness of CEO in B5. Investigated primary irritation index (PII 0.45) positioned B5 into the category of irritation barely perceptible. The pronounced texture profile and stability of B5 with extended residence time and less PII revealed its potential application in industry and offered a promising alternative to the marketed products of synthetic origin.

scholarly journals Uji Iritasi Formulasi Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) pada Kelinci Albino Putih

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Syahrida Dian Ardhany ◽  
Rizky Ramadhani Effendie ◽  
Susi Novaryatiin
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Irritation ◽  
Primary Irritation Index

Based on research before, ethanolic extract of bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) has been tested can inhibit the growth of acne-causing bacteria, therefore made an anti-acne cream for easy used. Thi study aims to know primary irritation activity of bawang dayak using patch test method. The results showed that the primary irritation index of control group (0.625< 2), P1 was 1g of cream (0.75< 2), P2 was 0.5g of cream (0<2) and P3 was 0.25g of cream (0< 2) in category of invisible irritation, so it can be concluded that the cream of ethanolic extract of bawang dayak topically does not irritate animals.

scholarly journals Efek Iritasi Sabun Mandi Batang Mengandung Susu Produk Usaha Kecil Menengah di Kota Cimahi

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Suci Nar Vikasari ◽  
Faizal Hermanto ◽  
Elivas Simatupang ◽  
Afifah Bambang Sutjiatmo ◽  
Titta Hartyana Sutarna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cow Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Primary Irritation ◽  
Primary Irritation Index ◽  
Small And Medium Business

One of the ways to increase profit in small and medium business (UKM) in Cimahi is by diversifying its products, through manufacturing of bar soap derived from cow's milk from UKM. The requirement of bath soap is proper acidity (pH) level, otherwise it will make the skin dry, itchy or even increase irritation. Therefore, this in vivo non-clinical irritation evaluation is conducted to evaluate the effects of bar soap produced by UKM in Cimahi according to the guidelines in rat test animals. The animals is divided into five groups and exposed to soap for four hours. Five soap samples is obtained from UKM in Cipageran area, Cimahi. Observations is made at the hours of 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure and is continued for 14 days. The measured parameters is erythema and edema, and the primary irritation index. The results showed that bar soap containing cow milk produced by UKM in Cimahi did not cause erythema and edema. Primary irritation index of all bath soap samples was 0.0 . It can be concluded that soap bars containing cow's milk produced by Cimahi City UKM including into the category of very mild irritation (negligigle).

scholarly journals Contact Dermatitis Due To A Henna Tattoo: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Positive Reaction ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Patch Tests ◽  
Skin Patch ◽  
History Of ◽  
Standard Contact ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Allergic Contact

Allergic contact dermatitis is a late hypersensitivity reaction caused after the skin is exposed to a specific allergen. Temporary henna tattoos have become very popular in children and adults.The organic compound, p-phenylendiamine (PPD) is frequently added to the henna pigment to make it darker. A 13 year old patient with a personal history of asthma and allergic rhinitis with immunotherapy for sensitization to Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus who presented since once week prior to consultation,skin lesions consisting of pruritic erythematous papules on his right forearm 3 days after applying a henna tattoo. During the physical examination, the skin lesions were marked in the shape and definition of the tattoo and mild desquamation was observed. Skin patch tests (Bial Aristegui Standard Contact Dermatitis Panel, Spain) were applied with positive results to p-phenylendiamine 1% with 2++ (strong positive reaction with vesicular erythema, infiltration and papules) in the first reading 48 hours later. The second reading was performed upon 96 hours of applying the tests, finding a 3 +++ (extreme positive reaction with intense erythema and infiltration, coalescing vesicles, bullous reaction) result and confirming it 7 days later. The patient was treated with a medium potency topical corticosteroid, mometasone 0.1% and cetirizine 10 mg twice a day for 7 days showing resolution of his skin lesions and symptoms. Temporary henna tattoos have been associated with a variety of inflammatory skin reactions.

Acute irritation of tetracyclic c-4-hydroxyphenylcalics [4] pyrogalolarene on skin of albino rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Nugraha ◽  
Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih ◽  
Rul Afiyah Syarif ◽  
Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti ◽  
Ikhsan Nur Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Control Site ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Skin Irritation Test ◽  
Primary Irritation ◽  
Primary Irritation Index

C-4-hydroxyphenylcalix[4] pyrogalolarene (Pg4OH) is a synthetic chemical compound that shows strong antioxidant activity. It is potential to be developed as UV skin protector. For topical admission, an acute skin irritation test is being prerequisite to be fulfill. This study was conducted to investigate the irritation effect of Pg4OH on the skin. In vivo study by quasi experiment with posttest only design was carried out by employing 3 adult male albino rabbits. The back hair was shaved at 24 h before the treatment. The Pg4OH was smeared on the bare shaved-skin and left naturally within 4 h. The observation began at 24, 48 and 72 h after exposure. The erythema and edema scores were measured. Calculation by using primary irritation index (PII) was applied. Calculation was categorized with globally harmonized system (GHS) and international organization for standardization (ISO) parameters. As a result, among three rabbits, only one animal shown erythema and edema with very small size (score: 1), on 3 sites, at 72 h. Both the control site and the sample sites gained same score. Two other rabbits were obtained 0 value at each observation location. According to the PII, the observed data was obtained score 0.0093 (very light or negligible). It can be concluded that the tetracyclic compound of Pg4OH does not irritate the skin.

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